Nursing Philosophies, Models and Theories What is their relationship?

Terms Used to Describe Philosophies Ideas Concepts One’s beliefs Answer broad questions Direct thoughts to moral obligations to society Contain ethical knowledge that is core value to nursing

Terms to Describe Nursing Models Derived from philosophies Represents a less complex concept Nursing models address more specific concepts of person environment, health and nursing Systematic way to approach nursing practice, education and research Guide thinking and decision-making

Terms to Describe Nursing Theories Less abstract than nursing models Outcome of one’s nursing actions is anticipated based on the concepts of the theory Contain relationships Derived from models and are more specific to nursing practice. –often a specific area of practice

What Are the Four Concepts of the Paradigm of Nursing? Person Nursing Environment Health

Florence Nightingale Physical and psychological healthy and unhealthy environment Person was recipient of care comprised of physical, mental, spiritual and emotional components Health was not only the absence of disease, but also the promotion of personal fitness Nursing was to help the person attain health through observations and interventions based on knowledge. Different that medical knowledge and more than just book knowledge.

Orem’s Self Care Deficit Environment is anything that impacts the well-being of the patient Person if the recipient of the nurse’s attention, assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation. Communities are included Health is one’s ability to manage one’s health care needs. Wholly compensatory state Partially compensatory state Supportive-educative needs

Orem Nursing is assessing patient’s self-care needs and help them overcome limitations.

Roy’s Adaptation Model Environment are those external and internal stimuli affecting the well-being of the patient Person is an adaptive system Health is a state of unique individual wholeness. Nursing is process of critical thinking to assess the patient’s needs and provide the appropriate nursing care

Orlando’s Nursing Process Theory Environment is any setting where the interaction between the patient and the nurse occurs. Person is a vital member of the health team and must be involved in care Health is a state where there is an absence of distress. The person defines health Nursing is response to the patient’s need and focuses on prevention and assistance. Ot os the nursing process

Rogers’s Science of Unitary Human Beings Environment is a pandimensional energy field integrated with the human energy field. Health occurs when patterns of living are in harmony with environmental change. Nursing is concerned with studying of human development and is the creative use of nursing for human betterment. Person is a unified irreducible whole, manifesting characteristics more than the sum of his or her parts, evolving along a space-time continuum.

Watson’s Philosophy and Science of Caring Person is nurse and the client who are interconnected with others and nature. Environment contains external and internal variables. Health is an illusive concept which is the unity and harmony of mind, body and spirit. Nursing is a transpersonal relationship to help others attain a higher degree of harmony.

Other Theories Neuman’s Systems Model Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations King’s Theory of Goal Attainment (this was my favorite) Johnson’s Behavioral Systems Model