MPQ Acknowledgments for Collaboration: G. Mourou, X. M. Zhang,Y. M. Shin, D. Farinella, T. Saeki, D. Farinella, N. Naumova, K. Nakajima, S. Bulanov, A.

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MPQ Acknowledgments for Collaboration: G. Mourou, X. M. Zhang,Y. M. Shin, D. Farinella, T. Saeki, D. Farinella, N. Naumova, K. Nakajima, S. Bulanov, A. Suzuki, T. Ebisuzaki, J. Koga, X. Q. Yan, M. L. Zhang, U. Wienands, U. Uggerhoj, A. Chao, N.V. Zamfir, V. Shiltsev, M. Hogan, P. Taborek, K. Abazajian, G. Yodh, S. Barwick “TeV on a Chip” : X-ray Wakefield Accelerator in Nanomaterials Toshiki Tajima, UC Irvine Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 228, 1037 (2014) APS DPF, Ann Arbor, MI,Aug. 7, 2015

Content High intensity frontiers of lasers: (1) large energy; (2) high fluence (CAN laser); (3) ultrashort (3) How short? ---- zeptoseconds New 2-step Laser Conversion: 1PW Opt. Laser  10PW Opt. Laser  1EW X-ray Laser 30fs, 40J, 1eV 3fs, 30J, 1eV 0.3as, 0.3J, 10keV LWFA at solid density enabled 10keV photon: n cr = /cc---- solid density n =10 23 /cc wakefield energy gain = 2mc 2 a 0 2 (n cr / n) = a 0 2 TeV X-ray crystal optics and nanostructure: Simulation study X-ray ( γ- ray) intensity scaling, radius, density scalings

Laser Wakefield (LWFA): nonlinear optics in plasma Kelvin wake Wave breaks at v ＜ c No wave breaks and wake peaks at v≈c (The density cusps. Cusp singularity) (Plasma physics vs. String theory) ← relativity regularizes (relativistic coherence) Maldacena (string theory) method: ys QCD wake (Chesler/Yaffe 2008) Hokusai Maldacena

(when 1D theory applies) Theory of wakefield toward extreme energy In order to avoid wavebreak, a 0 < γ ph 1/2, where γ ph = (n cr / n e ) 1/2 dephasing lengthpump depletion length ← experimental ← theoretical n cr =10 21 (1eV photon) (10keV photon) n e = (gas) (solid)

PETAL Laser 7 PW Plasma Waveguide ~30 m LMJ target chamber 10m diameter Beam diagnostics IZEST proposes 100 GeV Ascent Experiment using 3.5 kJ, 500fs, 7 PW PETAL laser 3.5 kJ, 500fs, 7 PW PETAL laser IZEST proposes 100 GeV Ascent Experiment using 3.5 kJ, 500fs, 7 PW PETAL laser 3.5 kJ, 500fs, 7 PW PETAL laser K. Nakajima  Large Energy Laser Also considered: Rochester, LLNL, SIOM, etc.

G. Mourou, S. Mironov, E. Khazanov and A. Sergeev, Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics, 223, 1181(2014) Single-Cycle Laser Compressor w/thin film (first step) (G. Mourou) 1PW 10PW

Ultrarelativistic Mirror in the 3 -laser Regime (second step) Single cycle thin film compressor Single Cycle Thin Film Compressor 10PW, 2fs, 100J, 1  m 2 Intensity ~10 25 W/cm2 Single Cycle Thin Film Compressor 10PW, 2fs, 100J, 1  m 2 Intensity ~10 25 W/cm2 Critical Surface Moving at v ~c,  =10 3 Critical Surface Moving at v ~c,  =10 3  Pulse ~few zs Pulse Power ~ EW Wavelength ~ keV  =10 3  Pulse ~few zs Pulse Power ~ EW Wavelength ~ keV Overdense Plasma N. M. Naumova, J. A. Nees, I. V. Sokolov, B. Hou, and G. A. Mourou, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, (2004). (G. Mourou)

1zs Even,isolated zeptosecond X-ray laser pulse possible (simulation by N. Naumova, I. Sokolov, G. Mourou, 2014)  1PW optical laser  10PW single osc. Optical laser  EW single osc. X-ray laser Consistent with “Intensity-pulse-width Conjecture” (Mourou-Tajima, Science 331 (2011))

Earlier works of X-ray crystal acceleration -X-ray optics and fields (Tajima et al. PRL,1987) -Nanocrystal hole for particle propagation (Newberger, Tajima, et al. 1989, AAC; PR,..) -particle transport in the crystal (Tajima et al. 1990, PA)

Porous Nanomaterial Porous alimina on Si substrate Nanotech. 15, 833 (2004); P. Taborek (UCI): porous alumina Nano holes: reduce the stopping power keep strong wakefields  Marriage of nanotech and high field science

UCI/Fermilab efforts on nanostructure wakefield acceleration 70th Birthday

X-ray laser with short length and small spot used according to proposal (G. Mourou) Laser pulse with small spot can be well controlled and guided with a tube. Such structure available e.g. with carbon nanotube, or alumina nanotubes (typical simulation parameters) X.M. Zhang (2015) Simulation of X-ray wakefield acceleration in nanomaterials tubes

Wakefield comparison between the cases of a tube and a uniform density uniform density case tube case X. M. Zhang

PIC simulation of X-ray wakefields in a nanomaterial tube: Density scaling 70th Birthday Photon energy = 1keV,tube radius = 5nm, a 0 =4, a few-cycled laser (around n cr / n = 200) X. M. Zhnag (2015)

Wakefield scaling to the X-ray laser amplitude X. M. Zhnag (2015)

Wakefields and the tube geometry X. M. Zhang (2015)

Wakefield on a chip toward TeV over cm (beam-driven) Y. Shin (2014)

Conclusions A new direction of ultrahigh intensity: zeptosecond lasers EW 10keV X-rays laser from 1PW optical laser X-ray LWFA in crystal: accelerating gradient 1-10TeV/cm, accelerating length 1-10m, energy gain per stage PeV; mini- accelerators (mm-m; portable) for GeV, TeV, PeV (and beyond) Crystal nanoengineering: s.a. nanoholes, arrays, focus optics Zeptosecond nano beams of electrons, protons (ions), muons (neutrinos), coherent γ -rays to very high energies over mm to m answering Suzuki’s Challenge(s) PIC (w/QED) simulation started to support the X-ray wakefields High energy gamma photons generated; photon signatures of wakefields Start of zeptoscience: ELI-NP zeptoproject (collaboration?)

Thank you! (Y.Shin)