Ch. 5 Energy Resources

Section 1 Natural Resources

2 types of natural resources: Natural resource: any natural substance, organism, or energy form that living things use 2 types of natural resources: 1. Renewable resource: natural resource that can be used and replaced over a relatively short time. EX: fresh water and trees 2. Nonrenewable resource: natural resource that can not be replaced or that can only be replaced over thousands or millions of years. Ex: oil and natural gas

Ways to Conserve 3 ways to conserve natural resources: Reduce Recycle Reuse Use only what is needed and take care of resources

Section 2 Fossil Fuels

Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels: non-renewable energy resource that forms in Earth’s crust over millions of yrs. From buried remains of once living organisms.

3 Types of Fossils Fuels 1. Liquid Fossil Fuel: Petroleum: crude oil, oily mixture of flammable organic compounds. Petroleum is separated or refined to make: gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oil.

2. Gaseous Fossil Fuel: Natural Gas Gas stores use natural gas Methane, butane, and propane- compounds of natural gas 3. Solid Fossil Fuel: Coal: solid formed underground from buried, decomposed plant materials Once leading energy source, but caused air pollution

Formation of Fossil Fuels Petroleum and natural gas form mainly from remains of microscopic sea life. Coal forms underground over millions of yrs. From decayed swamp plants.

Obtaining Fossil Fuels 1. Drilling oil wells 2. Strip Mining U.S. imports ½ of the petroleum it uses from Middle East, South America, Africa, Mexico, and Canada

Problems Due to Fossil Fuels 1. Acid Rain: rain/snow with high amounts of acid due to air pollutants. Coal is burned, releases sulfur dioxide, sulfur dioxide combines with moisture in air to produce sulfuric acid 2. Mining: causes environmental problems Removes soil, kills plants and animals Contaminates water sources 3. Drilling: causes environmental problems Spills kill everything in path

4. Smog: photochemical fog produced by reactions of sunlight and air pollutants 5. Water pollution 6. Destruction of wildlife habitat

Section 3 Alternative Resources

Alternative Resources 1. Nuclear Energy: energy from nuclei of atoms. Fission: process of nuclei of radioactive atoms being split. Fusion: joining of small atoms to form large atoms. Pro (GOOD): great energy source with no problems like fossils fuels Con (BAD): produce radioactive wastes that can’t be disposed of and over heating

2. Solar Energy: energy from sun Solar cells collect energy from sun to use in everyday life Pro: great energy source, no pollution, quiet, reliable Con: costs too much 3. Wind Energy: energy from wind Wind turbines turn to pump water or produce electricity Pro: don’t cost much, no pollution, don’t take up much room on land Con: not many areas in US that have wind blowing strong and steady to produce electricity.

4. Hydroelectric Energy: electricity produced by falling water Pro: inexpensive, little pollution, renewable source Con: not everywhere has amount of water needed, when built it destroys forests and wildlife habitats. 5. Biomass: organic matter that contains stored energy EX: wood, charcoal, dung, gasohol Pro: does release energy Con: not enough to meet all of our energy needs and Does cause air pollution

6. Geothermal Energy: energy from within Earth Heat from within Earth produces steam or actual heat can be used. Con: only available in certain areas