S TEP U P T O : P SYCHOLOGY STRESS Psychology, Eighth Edition By David G. Myers

1. W HETHER WE EXPERIENCE STRESS DEPENDS UPON : A) the situation. B) how life threatening it is. C) our cognitive appraisal. D) whether or not others are involved. 550

2. T HE TWO - TRACK STRESS RESPONSE SYSTEM INVOLVES THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND THE _____. A) sympathetic nervous system B) peripheral nervous system C) heart and lungs D) corpus collosum 551

3. A CCORDING TO S ELYE ’ S G ENERAL A DAPTATION S YNDROME, WE ARE MOST LIKELY TO BECOME ILL AS THE RESULT OF STRESS DURING THE ___ PHASE. A) alarm B) resistance C) exhaustion D) recovery 553

4. S TRESS IS RELATED TO THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE U.S., WHICH IS : A) cancer. B) coronary heart disease. C) suicide. D) stroke. 555

5.R ESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT THOSE WITH T YPE A PERSONALITY COULD REDUCE THEIR RISK OF HEART DISEASE IF THEY WOULD : A) drink more alcohol. B) sleep more. C) let their anger out on a punching bag. D) let go of their anger. 556

6. A PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ILLNESS IS : A) when a person is “faking” an illness. B) a genuine illness caused by stress. C) an illness that is simply “imagined”. D) when a biological cause results in mental illness. 556

7. W ITH REGARDS TO THE RELATION OF STRESS TO ILLNESS : A) too much stress can make us physically sick. B) sickness is just a matter of how strong or weak the person is. C) stress can weaken our immune system, making us more vulnerable to disease. D) stress has to be life-threatening to be of any real impact to us. 558

8. A DER AND C OHEN (1985) PERFORMED AN EXPERIMENT WITH RATS THAT DEMONSTRATED : A) rats who were shocked had an increased risk of cancer. B) cancer would spread faster under stress. C) the immune system can be conditioned to respond to a placebo. D) rats would develop “Type A” personalities under stress. 560

9. B ESIDES THE LYMPHOCYTES, OUR IMMUNE SYSTEMS RELEASE ___, CALLED THE “ BIG EATERS ”, TO INGEST FOREIGN INVADERS. A) macrophages B) white blood cells C) red blood cells D) stress hormones 557

10. A FTER THE HURRICANE HIT, THOSE IN THE COMMUNITY HELPED EACH OTHER CLEAR THE WRECKAGE. T HIS BEHAVIOR DEMONSTRATES : A) optimistic style. B) tending and befriending. C) emotion-focused coping. D) problem-focused coping. 562

11. B EING A PESSIMIST : A) can increase your level of stress. B) can shorten your life. C) can raise your blood pressure. D) all of the above. 564

12. M ARY HAS BEEN SUFFERING FROM THE “ BLUES ”. Y OUR RECOMMENDATION IS THAT SHE FIRST TRY : A) electric shock. B) aerobic exercise. C) Prozac. D) psychoanalysis. 567

13. W ITH REGARDS TO THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOFEEDBACK : A) biofeedback is the most effective method for alleviating stress-related illnesses. B) biofeedback is as effective as relaxation. C) biofeedback is ineffective for alleviating stress. D) biofeedback is a modern “Snake Oil” and only works because of a placebo effect. 569

15. R EGULAR RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE IS A POSITIVE PREDICTOR OF A LONGER LIFE SPAN. R ESEARCHERS HAVE IDENTIFIED THREE FACTORS THAT EXPLAIN THIS, INCLUDING ALL OF THE FOLLOWING, EXCEPT : A) healthier life styles. B) social support networks. C) relaxed meditative style. D) faith healing. 574

16. E LIMINATE THIS AS ONE OF YOUR HABITS AND YOU WILL INCREASE YOUR LIFE EXPECTANCY BETTER THAN ANY OTHER PREVENTIVE MEASURE. A) smoking B) drinking C) inactivity D) losing your temper 576

17. M OST SMOKERS BEGAN ___ AND WERE INFLUENCED BY ___. A) in their early 20’s; parents B) in their teens; friends and movie idols C) in their late 20’s; peers D) in their teens; parents 578

18. T HE ADDICTIVE INGREDIENT IN CIGARETTES IS NICOTINE AND IT IS : A) more addictive than cocaine but less addictive than heroin. B) more addictive than heroin and cocaine. C) addictive, but not as much as heroin or cocaine. D) not addictive if someone really wants to quit. 578

19. J AMES, A REGULAR SMOKER, HASN ’ T HAD A CIGARETTE FOR A WHILE. H E IS IRRITABLE, HAS DIFFICULTY SLEEPING, AND ANXIETY, ALL SIGNS OF : A) high levels of nicotine. B) increased drug tolerance. C) nicotine withdrawal. D) resentment at being pressured to quit. 578

20. L OU IS MORE LIKELY TO BE A CIGARETTE SMOKER IF HE : A) is from the United States. B) is less educated. C) is wealthy. D) is educated early as to its harmful effects. 579

A NSWERS 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.D 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.B 21.A 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.C