The Age of Absolutism England, France, Spain (1-11) Austria-Hungary (12-13) Prussia (14-15)

Important Terms and People Important Terms and People A. absolute monarch A. absolute monarch B. divine right theory B. divine right theory C. Philip II – Spain C. Philip II – Spain D. Spanish Armada D. Spanish Armada E. Golden Century E. Golden Century F. Henry IV – France F. Henry IV – France G. Estates General G. Estates General H. Louis XIV (Sun King) H. Louis XIV (Sun King) I. Versailles I. Versailles J. balance of power J. balance of power K. Armand Richelieu K. Armand Richelieu L. James I L. James I M. Charles I M. Charles I N. Cavaliers N. Cavaliers O. Roundheads O. Roundheads P. Bill of Rights (Eng.) P. Bill of Rights (Eng.) Q. The Commonwealth Q. The Commonwealth R. Glorious Revolution R. Glorious Revolution S. 30 Years War S. 30 Years War T. The Hapsburgs T. The Hapsburgs U. The Hohenzollerns U. The Hohenzollerns V. Frederick II (the Great) V. Frederick II (the Great) Homework, four corners define…

A Look at the Absolute Power of the Spanish, French, and English Kings from A. What is the Age of Absolutism? A. What is the Age of Absolutism? The period of time during which kings of western Europe had absolute control over their national governments and societies. The period of time during which kings of western Europe had absolute control over their national governments and societies. B. What is the Divine Right Theory? B. What is the Divine Right Theory? The theory that stated that kings had a god given right to rule their nations as they wished. The theory that stated that kings had a god given right to rule their nations as they wished. Put this definition into your own words and give an example. Is there a modern example?

2. The Spanish Kings A. Charles V A. Charles V Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella 2. Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella 3. Also ruled the Holy Roman Empire 3. Also ruled the Holy Roman Empire 4. Constant warfare-with France, Protestants and Ottoman Empire 4. Constant warfare-with France, Protestants and Ottoman Empire 5. Became a monk 5. Became a monk B. King Philip II B. King Philip II 1. Son of Charles V 1. Son of Charles V 2. Ruled Spain, Netherlands, southern Italy and Americas 2. Ruled Spain, Netherlands, southern Italy and Americas 3. Centralized power 3. Centralized power 4. Absolute Monarch 4. Absolute Monarch 5. Guardian of Catholic Church 5. Guardian of Catholic Church 6. Wars-Netherlands, Ottomans, Spanish Armada 6. Wars-Netherlands, Ottomans, Spanish Armada 7. Golden Century 7. Golden Century 8. Strong Spanish King 8. Strong Spanish King Include prior knowledge to describe Charles historically. This role would put him at odds with whom?

3. Philip II of Spain I’m loving the hat, but what is that in your hand? What does it signify?

4. The Decline of Spain What were the reasons for the decline of Spanish power? What were the reasons for the decline of Spanish power? A. Defeat of the Spanish Armada A. Defeat of the Spanish Armada B. Heavy taxes on middle class B. Heavy taxes on middle class C. The drain on the treasury C. The drain on the treasury D. Neglect of farming and trade with the colonies D. Neglect of farming and trade with the colonies E. The slowdown of gold E. The slowdown of gold F. The expulsion of Jews and Muslims F. The expulsion of Jews and Muslims

5. The Spanish Armada This painting shows the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 by the English. This marks the beginning of the end of Spain’s dominance over the rest of the countries of the world.

6. The Kings of France A. What tore France apart between 1560 and 1590? A. What tore France apart between 1560 and 1590? B. What was the goal of Henry IV and when did he rule? B. What was the goal of Henry IV and when did he rule? C. Who was Armand Richelieu? C. Who was Armand Richelieu? Between 1560 and 1590 the wars between the French Huguenots (Protestants) and Catholics tore up France. Henry IV was a king who ruled France from 1589 – His goal was to restore order to France and he tried to do this by issuing the Edict of Nantes in This proclamation gave religious toleration to the Huguenots and allowed them to fortify their cities to protect themselves. His goal was “a chicken in every pot” - food for all. He also wanted justice, improved roads and bridges, and to reduce the power of the nobles. Armand Richelieu was a Roman Catholic Cardinal who ruled France upon the death of Henry IV because Louis XIII (Henry’s son) was too young to rule. When Louis was old enough he made Richelieu finance minister. Richelieu’s main goal was to destroy the power of the nobles and the Huguenots. He broke the power of the nobles and broke down the walls of the Huguenots but allowed them to practice their religion.

7. The Sun King – Louis XIV ( ) A. “I am the State” A. “I am the State” B. The symbol of the sun B. The symbol of the sun C. No meetings of the Estates General C. No meetings of the Estates General D. The strongest army in Europe D. The strongest army in Europe E. The splendor of Versailles E. The splendor of Versailles F. Successes F. Successes G. Failures G. Failures H. “Balance of Power” H. “Balance of Power” Describe each element of Louis XIV’s rule.

8. Louis XIV – The Sun King What does his clothing signify?

9. A Different Story in England A. How did Parliament grow in power? A. How did Parliament grow in power? 1. The annulments of Henry VIII 1. The annulments of Henry VIII 2. The Act of Supremacy 2. The Act of Supremacy 3. The ‘power of the purse” 3. The ‘power of the purse” 4. Good Queen Bess – Elizabeth I (Tudor) 4. Good Queen Bess – Elizabeth I (Tudor) 5. King James I (Stuart) v. Parliament 5. King James I (Stuart) v. Parliament 6. The English Civil War ( ) 6. The English Civil War ( ) 7. The execution of King Charles I 7. The execution of King Charles I 8. The Commonwealth 8. The Commonwealth How is this similar to U.S. history?

10. The Glorious Revolution A. Who was King Charles II? B. Who was King James II? C. What was the Glorious Revolution? D. How did the monarchy change under William and Mary? Charles II was the King of England who was restored to power in 1660 and who ruled very well and worked with Parliament even though he believed in absolute monarchy (remember his father was executed) James II was the brother of Charles II who inherited the throne in He angered the people and Parliament quickly by appointing many Catholics to government positions and was replaced by William and Mary in 1688 (Mary was James’ Protestant daughter). The Glorious Revolution was the change of power without bloodshed from the reign of James II to the reign of William and Mary. (Catholic leaning and uncooperative to Protestant leaning and cooperative with Parliament) The monarchy changed because William and Mary signed and accepted the following decrees by Parliament: a. the monarchy must convene Parliament regularly b. the House of Commons has the “power of the purse” c. the monarchy could no longer interfere in Parliamentary debates or suspend any laws d. the monarchy must accept the Bill of Rights making England a limited monarchy. e. the monarchy must accept the idea that no Catholic could assume the throne The monarchy must guarantee rights to the English citizens which could not be suspended

12. The Bill of Rights in England What does this remind you of…

13. The Rise of Austria A. The Thirty Years War A. The Thirty Years War B. The Peace of Westphalia B. The Peace of Westphalia C. How did the Hapsburgs affect Austria? C. How did the Hapsburgs affect Austria? 1. they controlled Austria (Catholic) 1. they controlled Austria (Catholic) 2. they added Bohemia, and parts of Poland and Italy 2. they added Bohemia, and parts of Poland and Italy 3. they controlled very diverse groups and gave them some unity (Magyars, Slavs) 3. they controlled very diverse groups and gave them some unity (Magyars, Slavs) 4. they never centralized authority like the other kings of Europe (2 nd class kingdom) 4. they never centralized authority like the other kings of Europe (2 nd class kingdom) The Thirty Years War: It began when Ferdinand, the Hapsburg King of Bohemia (Czech Republic) started to control the Protestants and nobles. This turned into a widespread revolt with Ferdinand having the support of Spain, France, and Poland (Catholic states). Protestant states such as Netherlands and Sweden sent troops to help the Protestants. Many villages were burned by roving bands of soldiers. One third of the population of Germany was killed. There was disease and famine in the Holy Roman Empire which really wasn’t an empire anymore but a scattered group of provinces spread throughout parts of central Europe (remember the power of the German nobles?). In 1648 the groups accepted the Peace of Westphalia. France gained territory, The Hapsburgs lost because all of the German nobles won their independence (Germany was divided into 360 separate states), and the Netherlands and Switzerland were recognized as countries. Besides the Magyars and Slavs they also controlled some Poles,and Italians as well as other groups in the Balkans (the peninsula that Greece is on). They never centralized authority or became a strong kingdom because they were so diverse.

14. The Austrian Empire

15. Prussia A. How did the Hohenzollerns from northeastern Germany unite many north German states into a country? A. How did the Hohenzollerns from northeastern Germany unite many north German states into a country? 1. Frederick II inherited the throne in Frederick II inherited the throne in Frederick’s Prussia challenged Austria by taking Silesia from Austria and declaring independence, Frederick was a great warrior (Frederick the Great) 2. Frederick’s Prussia challenged Austria by taking Silesia from Austria and declaring independence, Frederick was a great warrior (Frederick the Great) 3. Frederick continued to win several later wars making Prussia a strong military power. 3. Frederick continued to win several later wars making Prussia a strong military power. Why Frederick the Great? The Hohenzollern family ruled the northern German states and united them into a country. The most famous Hohenzollern leader was Frederick II or Frederick the Great. This is the very beginning of the unification of Germany.

16. Map of Prussia