PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Procedural to Object Oriented The World of Software Development

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Space-Travelers Machine Language is the only language understood by computers!

PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS Comparison of Business and Scientific Languages Programming Language Hierarchy Major Business Languages Concepts of Object-Oriented Languages Language Translators

LANGUAGE COMPARISON Business High Input/Output (I/O) Lower Logic Scientific Low Input/Output (I/O) Higher Logic

MACHINE LANGUAGE The Only Way in the Beginning!

LANGUAGE HEIRARCHY PROCEDURAL LANGUAGES FORTRAN BASIC COBOL PASCAL PL/1 ADA

LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES ASSEMBLY MACHINE

OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGES C and C++ Visual Basic (Microsoft) PowerBuilder (PowerSoft) Java (Sun Microsystems and Microsoft)

RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT (RAD) Visual Basic (Most Popular ) PowerBuilder (Most Popular in mid 1996-’97)

PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE OF COBOL

LANGUAGE COMPARISON COBOL, ASSEMBLY, MACHINE

PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE OF COBOL Grace Hopper Photo Major Creator of the COBOL Language for the World of Business

PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE OF COBOL “Look at COBOL; it’s a universal language. I mean you have COBOL in Japanese, a totally different language in all respects to English. What happened is that through COBOL the English verbs and connecting words have gone around the world. No matter what language you speak, if you understand COBOL, you can communicate.... I’ll tell you a story that illustrates how it can work. I got left behind in a Japanese installation with no one who spoke English. They were wonderful to me. The made coffee, took me to the ladies room, but I wanted to get back to my hotel. Unfortunately, they couldn’t understand me. Finally, I remembered COBOL, and the universality of the English verbs and connecting words structure of COBOL So I said: ‘Move’ (pointing to myself). ‘Goto’ Osaka Hotel. It worked! I got back to my hotel using simple COBOL commands that the Japanese understood.” Hopper’s Sense of Humor!

PROCEDURAL VERSUS OBJECT-ORIENTED Procedural A set of specific instructions Executed one after another (in sequence--sequential) Proceed through a series of screens Object-oriented Event-driven Interactive Reusable software components

C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Superset of “C” Programming Language Fully supports Object-Oriented Programming Fosters Interactive “Event-Driven” approach to computer programming Language choice for more than an estimated one-million developers worldwide for very technical development such as required by networks.

VISUAL BASIC 1. A Windows Application 2. Event-Driven Language 3. Rapid Application Development (RAD) 4. Supports Object-Oriented Programming 5. Uses Windows GUI (Graphical User Interface) 6. Supports Active-X Internet Components 7. Supports database front-end programming

JAVA Designed for programs running on the Internet Graphics and Multimedia Platform Independent (Portable Applets) Multithreading (Perform multiple activities in parallel) Requires Strong Programming Skills

JAVA Designed for Commercial Use Sun Microsystems Microsoft Multimedia Capabilities Images Animation Audio Video

ADA PROGAMMING LANGUAGE Named after Lady ADA Lovelace Sponsored by the D.O.D. (Department of Defense) Used primarily for: Scientific and Engineering Applications Embedded systems aboard aircraft and missiles Business use Banking ATM machines

ADA ADA ADVANTAGES Standardized Machine Independent (Portable) Multi-tasking ADA ORIGIN Derived from PASCAL language Mandated by D.O.D for all mission critical defense projects

LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS Translators and Compilers

LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS COMPILER Source Program is Translated Produced Object Program (Machine Language) Saved in Executable format to Disk

LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS INTERPRETER Translates and Executes one Source Statement at a time No Object Program is Generated

LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS Can you Discern the Difference?