Unit 2.2.  Thomas Hobbes  Need for Gov’t – “Beastly Nature”  Baron De Montesquieu  Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances  Voltaire  “freedoms”

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 2.2

 Thomas Hobbes  Need for Gov’t – “Beastly Nature”  Baron De Montesquieu  Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances  Voltaire  “freedoms” – intellectual, speech, religion (against state religion)  John Locke  Natural Rights. What are they?  Two Treatises on Civil Government  Jean Jacques Rousseau  Wrote Social Contract – People and Gov’t have contract

The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. Thomas Jefferson

 Philosophy of John Locke  Rights are derived from the people’s basic moral sense supersede the authority of the government  Consent of the Governed  Limited Government  Natural rights are superior to a government  Life, Liberty, and Property

 Wrote Common Sense ◦ Essay widely read by the people ◦ Urged colonies to break away and form new country ◦ A new breed of “American”  Would later write The American Crisis pamphlets which would encourage the Americans to continue the fight.

 Dominion of New England  Albany Plan of Union  Stamp Act Congress  1 st Continental Congress  2 nd Continental Congress

 Meet in Philadelphia State House  President of Congress – John Hancock  Some early events:  Olive Branch Petition ◦ What did the King do with it?  Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking up Arms ◦ Who wrote this?

 Declaration is proposed by Richard Henry Lee  Committee of Five to write it: Adams, Franklin, Jefferson, Sherman, and Livingston  Jefferson actually wrote most of it. Or did he?  “Remember the Ladies” – Abigail Adams  What issues would cause problems in the passing of the Declaration?

 Also called Tories  Why would someone be a loyalist?  Respect for the King  “order” and law (no mob rule / mobcracy)  Family ties  Worker for crown (or Church of Eng)  Part of great(est) country  Thought Britain would win  Rich  But how is the American Revolution different than most other revolutions in world history?

 Patriots was the name for people who supported independence. ◦ What did the King call them? ◦ About what fraction were Patriots? Loyalists?  Then what were the others? Why?  What about these groups of people? ◦ Quakers ◦ Native Americans ◦ Slaves ◦ Canadians ◦ Floridians

-Did George Washington have anything to gain financially with independence? - Daniel Boone – Wilderness Road – Kentucky - George Rogers Clark victories at Ft. Kaskaskia and Ft. Vincennes in 1778 and How would these two minor battles be so important for American History in the future?

 How did the European Enlightenment writers influence the independence movement?  Why was Thomas Paine important for the independence movement?  Why would someone oppose the independence of the colonies?  How do the western lands figure into the independence movement and the future of the United States?

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