Circulation. Invertebrates: Gastrovascular cavity or circulatory system.

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Presentation transcript:

Circulation

Invertebrates: Gastrovascular cavity or circulatory system

Circulation

Gastrovascular Cavity

Circulation Open Circulatory System

Circulation Open Circulatory System

Circulation Closed Circulatory System

Circulation

Some vocabulary: atrium ventricle aorta superior vena cava inferior vena cava pulmonary artery septum semilunar valves SA node AV node sytole diastole stroke volume heart murmur lymph

What’s in blood? Plasma: Mostly water Ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, CO 3 ) Proteins Food & waste Gasses hormones Cellular elements: Red blood cells (transport) White blood cells (immune) Platelets (clotting).

Clotting: 1.Platelets adhere to collagen fibers in damaged tissue 2.Platelets for a plug 3.Platelets release clotting factors 4.Clotting factors turn prothrombin into thrombin 5.Thrombin turns fibrinogen into fibrin 6.Fibrin reinforces clot

Clotting: platelets

Clotting: platelets

Clotting: 1.Platelets adhere to collagen fibers in damaged tissue.

Clotting: 2.Platelets form a temporary plug.

Clotting: 3.Platelets release clotting factor

Clotting: 3.Platelets release clotting factor 4.Clotting factor turns prothrombin into thrombin

Clotting: 3.Platelets release clotting factor 4.Clotting factor turns prothrombin into thrombin 5.Thrombin turns fibrinogen into fibrin

Clotting: 6.Fibrin reinforces the clot

Diseases of the Circulatory System: atherosclerosis (narrowing) arteriosclerosis (hardening) hypertension (high blood pressure) HDL & LDL (good & bad cholesterol) heart attack stroke hemophilia.

A Few Facts About Respiration: Countercurrent Exchange Oxygen flows down a concentration gradient from water or air into blood.

A Few Facts About Respiration: Countercurrent Exchange Oxygen flows down a concentration gradient from water or air into blood. Seawater Fish Blood

A Few Facts About Respiration: Countercurrent Exchange Oxygen flows down a concentration gradient from water or air into blood. 100 % saturation 10 % saturation

A Few Facts About Respiration: Countercurrent Exchange Oxygen flows down a concentration gradient from water or air into blood. 100 % saturation 10 % saturation

A Few Facts About Respiration: Countercurrent Exchange Water flows over the gills Blood flows through the gills 100 % saturation 10 % saturation

A Few Facts About Respiration: Countercurrent Exchange Gas exchange stops when the saturation levels equalize. 100% 80% 60% 55% 55% 10% 30% 50% 55% 55%

A Few Facts About Respiration: Countercurrent Exchange But when blood flows the opposite way from water… 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 90% 70% 50% 30% 10%

A Few Facts About Respiration: Countercurrent Exchange The concentration gradient is maintained along the entire length. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 90% 70% 50% 30% 10%

A Few Facts About Respiration: Ventilation of the Lungs Mammals use negative pressure Amphibians use positive pressure Birds breathe through hollow bones as well as through lungs.

A Few Facts About Respiration: Hemoglobin Efficient carrier of oxygen Our contains iron; mollusks’ contains copper

A Few Facts About Respiration: Hemoglobin and pH (The Bohr Shift)

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