Kingdom Animalia

Two Phyla Kingdom Animalia Vertebrate(Backbone) Invertebrates (No Backbone)

Types of Vertebrates (Has Backbone) Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

Example of invertebrates: arthropods have the following characteristics: A hard outer body covering called an exoskeleton. (No Backbone)

Heterotroph Root word- Troph Troph - to feed Root word-Hetero Hetero – other, different What does it mean? FEEDS OFF OF OTHERS

Kary - nucleus So what do you think eukaryotic cell would be? eu- true kary- nucleus Eukaryotic cell- cell with a nucleus

multicellular Organism made of many cells

Types of Reproduction in the Animal Kingdom Sexual Reproduction and Asexual Reproduction including Budding, Gemmule Formation, and Fragmentation

Sexual Reproduction The egg cell from the female parent and the sperm cell from the male parent unite and fertilization occurs. Offspring is diverse (genetically different) than parents.

Asexual Reproduction In asexual reproduction, no sex cells are involved, and only one individual produces the offspring. Many invertebrates or soft bodied animals reproduce by asexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction the offspring is uniform (genetically identical) or the same.

Budding -an offspring grows out of the body of a parent. An example of an animal that reproduces this way if hydra. This animal lives in water and is related to jellyfish and corals.

Fragmentation -- -In this type of reproduction, the body of the parent breaks into distinct pieces, each of which can produce an offspring. (planarians) Similar to fragmentation is regeneration. In regeneration, if a piece of a parent is detached, it can grow and develop into a completely new individual. (starfish)

Gemmules (Internal Buds)In this form of asexual reproduction, a parent releases a specialized mass of cells that can develop into offspring. (sponges) Usually reproduce sexually. Gemmules form when extreme cold, drought, or other conditions threaten a sponge’s life. Gemmules resist drying, freezing, and oxygen depletion. Even if a sponge doesn’t survive, its gemmules do. When conditions improve, they create another sponge.

Parthenogenesis - This type of reproduction involves the development of an egg that has not been fertilized into an individual.(drone bee)

Fragmentation In fragmentation, a piece of the parent animal gets detached. This piece can grow and develop into a whole new individual. It regenerates (or generates again) all the missing parts of the body. One group of invertebrates, called echinoderms, reproduces this way. An example is the sea star or star fish.

Characteristics Chart KingdomAnimalia Cell Type Eukaryotes Cell Structures Have a nucleus, but no chloroplasts, have no cell wall Body Form Multicellular NutritionHeterotrophic Reproduction Asexual and Sexual Examples Sponges, worms, snails, insects, fish, mammals, birds,

Draw a Plasma (Cell) Membrane: Cell Membrane OR Plasma Membrane

Facts about Cell Membrane Structure (what’s it like): Very plasmatic (I.e., it changes it shape easily) Very plasmatic (I.e., it changes it shape easily) Acts like a fence or net Acts like a fence or net Functions: It allows food and water to enter cell It allows food and water to enter cell Holds the cytoplasm inside Holds the cytoplasm inside Keeps bacteria out Keeps bacteria out Cell Wall Cell Membrane Nucleus Vacuole Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Chloroplast

Draw cytoplasm: Cytoplasm

Facts about Cytoplasm Plant Cell Organelles Cell Wall Cell Membrane Nucleus Vacuole Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Chloroplast FUNCTIONS It keeps other organelles from smashing into each other It keeps other organelles from smashing into each other

Which structure is the “Living Sea” which separates organelles? Cytoplasm

Draw the Nucleus: Nucleus Looks like a Nucleus

STRUCTURE: Large, round shape in cell. Large, round shape in cell.FUNCTION: This structure acts like the “brain” or “boss” of the cell. This structure acts like the “brain” or “boss” of the cell. It “tells” the cell what to do: reproduce, take in water and food It “tells” the cell what to do: reproduce, take in water and food Facts about Nucleus

Draw the Vacuoles: Vacuoles

Facts about a Vacuole WHAT IT’S LIKE This structure acts like the “pantry” of a cell. This structure acts like the “pantry” of a cell.FUNCTION It holds “trash/waste” from the cell until it can be dumped from the cell It holds “trash/waste” from the cell until it can be dumped from the cell

How do plant and animal cells compare? 1 vacuole many vacuoles chloroplasts nucleus cell wall cell membrane living Animal Plants autotroph heterotroph cytoplasm eukaryotic rectangular