When a taxonomist discovers a new organism they start classifying it based on certain characteristics…..first, they look at what kind of cell structure it possesses. prokaryotic eukaryotic Types of Cells Once they know this, they can place the organism in the correct Domain.

prokaryotic eukaryotic Types of CellsDomains Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Domain is the most broad taxon. There are three domains…. Organisms in this Domain are prokaryotic, small, and survive in extreme “unlivable” conditions Organisms in this Domain are prokaryotic, larger than Archaea, and live in hospitable conditions Organisms in this Domain are made of eukaryotic cells, more complex than bacteria In which Domain would they classify a human?

prokaryotic eukaryotic Types of CellsDomains Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Next, they would need to decide which Kingdom it belonged in… Organisms are grouped into kingdoms based on: 1.Type of cell 2.How they obtain energy 3.How many cells they are made of, and 4.How complex their body structure is

Type of cell: Prokaryotic cells (Bacteria) How do they get energy: Some are Chemo-trophs (make energy from inorganic chemical compounds in their environment) Some are Auto-trophs (make energy from light), # of Cells: ALL ARE UNI-CELLULAR ALL ARE MICROSCOPIC Archaebacteria Domain: Archaea Archae means ‘beginning’ These bacteria are called this because they are thought to resemble the first living cells on Earth.

Archaebacteria Three Main Types: Thermophiles- “heat lovers” ● Geothermally heated soils ● Sulfur-rich hot springs ● Wastes from coal mines ● Grow at above-boiling temps ● Best at 80°C / 176°F ● Almost all Anaerobic

Interesting Fact: Archaebacteria live in harsh/extreme environments ● Volcanoes ● Ice flows ● Boiling Hot Mud ● Bottom of Ocean ● In Acid ● High Salt Archaebacteria

Eubacteria Prokaryotic (bacteria) Some autotrophs, Some heterotrophs # of Cells: ALL UNI-CELLULAR ALL MICROSCOPIC EXAMPLES: -Bacteria that cause disease -Bacteria that help you digest

Eubacteria Interesting Fact: Eubacteria live in these common places: -In soil -On your skin -In your mouth -In your intestine -They can live pretty much on any object (doorknob, phone, your keyboard)

Type of cell: Eukaryotic cells (has a nucleus/organelles) Some Autotrophs Some Heterotrophs # of cells: Some are uni-cellular Some are multi-cellular Protists

ALGAE- “plant-like” protists (based on pigment and how they eat) autotrophic no true roots, stems, or leaves PROTOZOA- “animal-like” protists (based on movement) heterotrophic some cause disease

Protists SLIME MOLDS AND MILDEW- “fungus-like” protists (based on body form and how they eat) heterotrophic- decomposers can move at some point

FYI: This is the ‘junk drawer’ kingdom. It is very diverse Protists can be “like” other kingdoms, but don’t quite fit in any of the others. Protists

Fungi Eukaryotic cells Heterotrophs- Decomposers # of cells: Few are uni-cellular MOST are multi-celluar Video:

FYI: They have cell walls made out of chitin FYI: Used to be classified with plants but now we know they are different enough to have their own kingdom. Examples: Yeast Athlete’s Foot Mushrooms Bread Mold Fungi FYI: CANNOT MOVE From place to place

Plantae Eukaryotic cells Energy: All Autotrophs # of cells: All Multi-cellular All Macroscopic Complex: Has organ systems

Plantae Examples: Moss Ferns Shrubs Conifer Trees Flowering Plants

Facts CANNOT move from place to place FYI: They have cell walls made out of cellulose (fiber)

Animalia Eukaryotic cells Energy: All Heterotrophs # of cells: All multicellular Complex: Has Organ Systems Facts: Do not have cell walls Can move from place to place (at some point)

INVERTEBRATES SPONGESCNIDARIANS WORMS MOLLUSKS ARTHROPODS Most successful animal ECHINODERMS These are the only invertebrates that have an endoskeleton

VERTEBRATES FISH AMPHIBIANS REPTILES BIRDS MAMMALS