Chemical Reactions Science, Technology, and Society Mr. CANOVA PERIOD 11

How to Make a Cake 1. Add flour and eggs and milk, put in the oven for 20 minutes at 450 o F and you will have yourself a cake. 2. Flour (s) + eggs (s) + milk (l) → cake (s)

1.Word Equation: uses names of the reactants and products. Ex: aluminum plus copper (II) chloride yields aluminum chloride and copper 2.Skeleton Equation: uses chemical symbols with no relative amounts. Ex: Al (s) + CuCl 2(aq) → AlCl 3(aq) + Cu (s)

NOTE!!!!!!! Make sure compounds are written properly. Remember to put up the charges and use criss-cross method if needed. Remember diatomic molecules.

3. Phases: s - solid phase l - liquid phase g - gaseous phase aq – aqueous phase (exists in a water solution) EX: NaCl (aq) = solid NaCl dissolved in H 2 O

4.Balanced Formula Equation: shows the relative amounts of the atoms on each side of the equation. EX: 2Al (s) + 3CuCl 2(aq) → 2AlCl 3(aq) + 3Cu (s) LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER To balance equations use ONLY coefficients. NEVER, NEVER change a subscript NOTE!!!!!!!

Balancing Reactions

Types of Reactions 1.Combination (Synthesis) 2.Decomposition 3.Single Replacement 4.Double Replacement 5.Combustion

1. Combination (Synthesis): Ex: A + B → AB Ex: 2H 2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O 2.Decomposition: Ex: AB → A + B Ex: 2H 2 O → 2H 2 + O 2 (electrolysis)

3.Single Replacement: Ex: A + BC → C + BA Ex: Zn + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 → ? Like replaces like USE ACTIVITY SERIES Is Zn higher than Cu on the list?

Activity Series of Metals Use for single replacement Reactions Li K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Zn + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 → Zn(NO 3 ) 2 + Cu Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Cu Ag Hg Au Decreasing Activity

4.Double Replacement: Ex: AB + CD → AD + CB Ex: HCl + NaOH → H(OH) + NaCl 5.Combustion: Ex: hydrocarbon + O 2 → CO 2 + H 2 O Ex: CH 4 + 2O 2 → CO 2 + 2H 2 O This is an example of complete combustion.