Can be observed using the 5 senses. Many can be measured. Physical Properties Can be observed using the 5 senses. Many can be measured.

Examples of Physical Properties Malleability- ability to be shaped by hammering or pressing Solubility- ability to dissolve Conductivity- ability to conduct thermal or electrical energy Melting and Boiling Points- water- 0◦C/32◦F and 100◦C/212◦F Volume- amount of space an object takes up- beaker- cm cubed/mL Mass- amount of matter in an object- scale- grams Density- an objects ability to float- Mass per unit Volume (g/mL) Object floats- object is less dense than the liquid Object sinks- object is more dense than the liquid

Change in shape, size, or state. The type of matter doesn’t change. Physical Change Change in shape, size, or state. The type of matter doesn’t change.

Examples of Physical Change Change in shape or size (crushing up rocks) Change in state (wax melting or hardening) Solutions- dissolving a solid in a liquid Mixtures- where a new substance is not formed Solids mixed with solids (adding salt to ice-lowers the melting point) Liquids mixed with solids (sand and water) Liquids mixed with liquids (oil and water)

Can only be seen when matter is changed into a new kind of matter. Chemical Properties Can only be seen when matter is changed into a new kind of matter.

Examples of Chemical Properties Ability of a match to light when struck Wood burning to ash Anything being cooked Nail becoming rusted (iron changes to rust) Milk spoils and curdles; food rotting Car burning fuel Body digesting food; digestion begins in the mouth with saliva Wick burning on a candle; smoke released during burning; ash

Clues that a Chemical Change is occurring Heat is released Odor is released Smoke is released A new substance is made

Mixtures and Solutions are Physical changes and can be separated All parts of the mixture keep their physical properties Parts are not evenly combined (ex. You may get more pretzels than your neighbor in a snack mix) A mixture where all parts are equally combined A solid is dissolved into a liquid Solid dissolved faster if The liquid is warm The solid is broken into small pieces The solution is stirred or shaken (rapid movement)

Ways to separate a mixture or solution Sifting- colander- separate rice and flour Magnetism- magnet- separate paperclips and sand Filtration- filter- separate sand from water Evaporation- separate a dissolved solid from liquid Liquid will evaporate more quickly if the heat is higher or if more of the surface area of the liquid is exposed

Which 2 methods of separation would you use to separate a mixture of sand, salt, and water? Sifting Magnetism Filtration Evaporation

Made up of only one kind of matter Elements Made up of only one kind of matter

Periodic Table of Elements

What do all those numbers mean? The atomic number tells how many protons the element has. Hydrogen has 1.

Compound Water or H₂O Substance made up of 2 or more elements. Hydrogen Peroxide or H₂O₂ Substance made up of 2 or more elements.