GOES to the Pole Lars Peter Riishojgaard/UMBC & Dennis Chesters/NASA Geostationary-class meteorological imager in a Molniya orbit Busted forecasts do occur because unobserved polar winds move into lower latitudes Polar cloud and water vapor features have been tracked with time-series satellite images in MODIS bands Molniya orbit is perfectly semi-geosynchronousMolniya orbit is perfectly semi-geosynchronous Highly eccentric Kepler orbitHighly eccentric Kepler orbit –Apogee height km (geostationary orbit height ~36000 km) –Perigee height ~600 km –Inclination 63.4 degrees –Orbital period ~11h 58m (half a sidereal day) Location of apogee w.r.t. Earth is fixed and stable!Location of apogee w.r.t. Earth is fixed and stable! Platform in quasi-stationary imaging position near the apogee for about two thirds of the duration of the orbitPlatform in quasi-stationary imaging position near the apogee for about two thirds of the duration of the orbit Used extensively by USSR (to a lesser degree by the US) for communications purposesUsed extensively by USSR (to a lesser degree by the US) for communications purposes First suggested for meteorological applications by Kidder and Vonder Haar (1990)First suggested for meteorological applications by Kidder and Vonder Haar (1990) Polar (>60N) coverage eliminates the high latitude gap in satellite- determined global winds Low-risk mission at PDR level Science Team Lars Peter Riishojgaard, UMBC, PILars Peter Riishojgaard, UMBC, PI Bob Atlas, NOAA, Simulation/impact experimentsBob Atlas, NOAA, Simulation/impact experiments Dennis Chesters, GSFC, Instrumentation, missionDennis Chesters, GSFC, Instrumentation, mission Ken Holmlund, EUMETSAT, Algorithm developmentKen Holmlund, EUMETSAT, Algorithm development Jeff Key, NESDIS/ORA, Data processing, polar productsJeff Key, NESDIS/ORA, Data processing, polar products Stan Kidder, CIRA, High-latitude applicationsStan Kidder, CIRA, High-latitude applications Arlin Krueger, UMBC, Volcano monitoringArlin Krueger, UMBC, Volcano monitoring Paul Menzel, NESDIS/ORA, Cloud applicationsPaul Menzel, NESDIS/ORA, Cloud applications Jean-Noël Thépaut, ECMWF, Global NWP applicationsJean-Noël Thépaut, ECMWF, Global NWP applications Chris Velden, CIMSS/UW, Algorithm developmentChris Velden, CIMSS/UW, Algorithm development Tom Vonder Haar, CIRA, Satellite meteorologyTom Vonder Haar, CIRA, Satellite meteorology Science Team Lars Peter Riishojgaard, UMBC, PILars Peter Riishojgaard, UMBC, PI Bob Atlas, NOAA, Simulation/impact experimentsBob Atlas, NOAA, Simulation/impact experiments Dennis Chesters, GSFC, Instrumentation, missionDennis Chesters, GSFC, Instrumentation, mission Ken Holmlund, EUMETSAT, Algorithm developmentKen Holmlund, EUMETSAT, Algorithm development Jeff Key, NESDIS/ORA, Data processing, polar productsJeff Key, NESDIS/ORA, Data processing, polar products Stan Kidder, CIRA, High-latitude applicationsStan Kidder, CIRA, High-latitude applications Arlin Krueger, UMBC, Volcano monitoringArlin Krueger, UMBC, Volcano monitoring Paul Menzel, NESDIS/ORA, Cloud applicationsPaul Menzel, NESDIS/ORA, Cloud applications Jean-Noël Thépaut, ECMWF, Global NWP applicationsJean-Noël Thépaut, ECMWF, Global NWP applications Chris Velden, CIMSS/UW, Algorithm developmentChris Velden, CIMSS/UW, Algorithm development Tom Vonder Haar, CIRA, Satellite meteorologyTom Vonder Haar, CIRA, Satellite meteorologyLifetime 36 months (60 month goal) Orbit 718 min 63.4 degree inclination Visible channel km resolution Infrared channels 3.9, 6.3, 7.1, 11.0, km resolution Radiometric precision Vis 500:1 100%, IR 300K or 250 K Radiometric accuracy Vis 6%, IR 1 K Field of Regard >24 degrees + star field Time for full-disk image <15 minutes Input power <180W (including 20% contingency) Mass <136 kg (including 30% contingency) Volume <0.9 m X 1.2 m X 1.3 m GOES-like instrument characteristics