Ms. Bowman
Covers the entire body Surface area of 1.2 to 2.2 square meters 9-11 lb Accounts for about 7% of total body weight in average adult Varies in thickness from 1.5 to 4.0 milimeters
Characteristics Waterproof Stretchable Repairs itself Functions Protection Body temperature regulation Cutaneous sensation Metabolic functions Blood reservoir Excretion
2 distinct regions Epidermis Composed of epithelial cells Outermost protective shield Dermis Makes up the bulk of the skin Tough, leathery layer Composed of fibrous connective tissue Vascularized
Subcutaneous tissue deep to the skin Not technically part of the skin Shares some of the protective functions of skin Functions Stores fat Anchors skin to underlying structures Acts as a shock absorber Insulator
Keratinocytes Produce keratin (fribrous protein that gives epidermis its protective properties Undergo continuous mitosis Pushed upward as new cells are formed When they reach the top, they are dead Millions rub off everyday; new epidermis every days
Melanocytes Spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize melanin (pigment) Melanin protects the nucleus of keratinocytes from the damaging effects of UV radiation from sunlight
Langerhan’s Cells Arise from bone marrow Phagocytes that ingest foreign substances Activates immune system
Merkel Cells Associated with a sensory nerve ending Functions as a sensory receptor
Strong, flexible Binds entire body together Richly supplied with nerve fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels Hair follicles, oil glands, sweat glands reside here
Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands- 3 million per person Excrete sweat Sebaceous (Oil) Glands- Secrete oily secretion called sebum Sebum softens and lubricates hair and skin
Hairs and Hair Follicles Hair helps to keep mammals warm Main function is to sense insects on the skin before they bite or sting On head, guards against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight Eyelashes shield eyes Nose hairs filter large particles from air we inhale
Nails Forms a clear protective covering on the dorsal surface of the distal part of a finger or toe Useful as tools to help pick up small objects and scratch an itch