Essential Question: Champion of the “ Common Man ” ? “ King ” Andrew? OR

The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC] William H. Crawford [GA]

The Election of 1824: A “Corrupt Bargain”?

The Election of 1824: The “Corrupt Bargain”? Candidate Popular Vote Electoral Vote Andrew Jackson 43%99 J.Q. Adams31%84 William Crawford 13%41 Henry Clay13%37

Like Father Like Son The Demise of John Quincy Adams “Corrupt Bargain” plagues presidency Only 31% of popular support Nationalist system is blocked by Jackson supporters in Congress Lacked charisma Unpopular support for Indian rights Signed “Tariff of Abominations” in 1828

1828 Election Results

Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

Voter Turnout:

Why Increased Democratization?  White male suffrage increased  Party nominating committees.  Voters chose their state ’ s slate of Presidential electors.  Rise of Third Parties.  Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)  Two-party system returned in the 1832:  Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)  Democrats (1828) What were the clear limitations to the expanded equality?

“The Reign of King Mob seems triumphant.” -John Marshall

The New “Jackson Coalition” 1. The Planter Elite in the South 2. People on the Frontier 3. State Politicians – spoils system 4. Immigrants in the cities.

Indian Removal  1830  Indian Removal Act  Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “ domestic dependent nation ”  Worcester v. GA (1832)  Jackson: “ John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it! ”  Indian Intercourse Act (1834)

Indian Removal

Trail of Tears ( )

Jackson’s Professed “Love” for Native Americans

Andrew Jackson as President

The “Peggy Eaton Affair” Van Buren replaces Calhoun as successor. MVB only member of Both Cabinet and “Kitchen Cabinet”

The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC] Begins over land sales then shifts to States’s Rights and Nullification

1832 Nullification Crisis  > “ Tariff of Abominations ”  > new tariff  South Carolina ’ s reaction?  Jackson ’ s response?  Clay ’ s “ Compromise ” Tariff  Result? Why significant?

An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew”? An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew”?

The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson

Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. “ Soft ” (paper) $ “ Hard ” (specie) $ 3 state bankers. 3 Western economic growth 3 speculators. 3 Conservative 3 Eastern

The “Monster” Is Destroyed!  1832  Jackson vetoed the BUS.  Redistribution Act - “ pet banks ” - Roger Taney  1836  the charter expired.  The Bank is Dead!

The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

1832 Election Results

Chief Justice Roger Taney John Marshall dies in years as Chief Justice Jackson chooses friend Roger Taney Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837) “general happiness” over rights of contract and property

The Specie Circular (1836)  Control “ wildcat banks. ”  buy future federal land only with gold or silver.

The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “ Old Kinderhook ” [O. K.]

Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes lose their value. $Land sales plummeted. $Credit not available. $Businesses began to fail. $Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

Aroostook War (1839) Webster-Ashburton Treaty 1842