ISEN 315 Spring 2011 Dr. Gary Gaukler
EOQ Discussion 1. Demand is fixed at units per unit time. 2. Shortages are not allowed. 3. Orders are received instantaneously. 4. Order quantity is fixed at Q per cycle. 5. Cost structure: a) Fixed and marginal order costs (K + cx) b) Holding cost at h per unit held per unit time.
When to Use EOQ
Number of occurrences Room svcCheck-inPool hoursMinibarMisc. 72%16%5%4%3% – 60 – 50 – 40 – 30 – 20 – 10 – 0 – Frequency (number) Causes and percent Cumulative percent Data for October Pareto Charts
Inventory Control Deterministic inventory control Stochastic inventory control MRP / Lot sizing / JIT Supply chain management
Demand Uncertainty We will model demand uncertainty by treating demand as a random variable
Newsvendor Model - Assumptions Assumptions: One short selling season No re-supply within selling season Single procurement at start of season Known costs, known demand distribution
Newsvendor Model – Continuous Demand
Newsvendor Example Selling a magazine with a one-week selling season Weekly demand ~N(11.73; 4.74) Purchase cost $0.25 Salvage value $0.1 Selling price $0.75 Underage cost: Overage cost: Critical ratio:
Determination of the Optimal Order Quantity for Newsvendor Example
Check in tables: Which z-value corresponds to F(z)=0.77? Look up: Table A4 in the Nahmias book: z=0.74 This is the standard normal z-value, hence need to scale it to our demand distribution: