Welcome to Biology! 1.Pick up your favorite color of Popsicle Stick Using a Permanent Marker, write your full name on one side On the other side, write the response you would like for me to say after you get a correct answer when you are called on. EXAMPLE: SHELDON COOPER / BAZINGA! 2.As papers are passed back, please tape (small piece) or glue them in your notebook in the appropriate page. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 25 Intro to Biology Notes 26 Flow of Matter and Energy Notes 27 Food Web 28 Ecological Pyramids

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall SPECIES INTERACTIONS NOTES Student Expectation (SE) 12.A – INTERPRET relationships, including predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, and competition among organisms;

I. Competition a. Organisms compete with each other for resources - any necessity of life; water, nutrients, light, food, space b. No two species can occupy the same niche – where an organism lives and what it eats. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

How are these three similar species able to live in the same tree? Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Yellow-Rumped Warbler Bay-Breasted Warbler Feeding height (m) Cape May Warbler

c. Invasive species often out compete native species due to a lack of predators - Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Q- How should Australia decrease cane toad population? Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Toad News Story=_fM4VrbS_aoCane Toad News Story

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Symbiosis Foldable Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Symbiosis – A relationship in which two species live and interact closely together.

II. Predation  One organism eats another organism and it dies. Predator: organism that does the killing and eating Prey: food organism being eaten Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

III. Mutualism  Both species benefit. “Good for me - Good for you” Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Lichen – algae + fungus duo

IV. Commensalism  one benefits and the other is unaffected “Good for me - Doesn’t bother you” Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

V. Parasitism  One organism benefits, the other is harmed. “Good for me - Hurts you” Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

SYMBIOSIS PRACTICE  On your whiteboard, write a  M for Mutualism  C for Commensalism  P for parasitism  Hold your board to your chest until asked to show your answer. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Gazelle/Ostrich Ostriches and gazelles feed next to each other. They both watch for predators and alert each other to danger. Because the visual abilities of the two species are different, they can identify threats that the other animal would not see as readily.

Cuckoo/Warbler  A cuckoo may lay its eggs in a warbler’s nest. The cuckoo’s young will knock the warbler’s eggs out of a nest and the warbler will raise the cuckoo’s young.

Yucca/Yucca Moth  Yucca flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay their eggs in the flowers where the larvae hatch and eat some of the developing seeds.

Whales and Barnacles Barnacles create home sites by attaching themselves to whales. This relationship neither harms nor benefits the whales.

Mistletoe on Spruce Tree  Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from a spruce tree. The spruce tree is harmed.

Oxpecker/Rhino Oxpeckers feed on the ticks found on a rhinoceros. The oxpeckers get a meal and the rhinoceros is helped by the removal of the ticks.

Shark/Remora Remoras attach themselves to a shark’s body. They then travel with the shark and feed on the leftover food scraps from the shark’s meals. The relationship neither harms nor benefits the shark.

Wrasse Fish/Bass  Wrasse fish feed on the parasites found on the black sea bass’s body. The wrasse fish get a meal and the black sea bass is helped by the removal of the parasites.

Cowbird/Bison As bison walk through grass, insects become active and are seen and eaten by cowbirds. The relationship neither harms nor benefits the bison.

Mouse/Flea  A flea feeds on a mouse’s blood and harms the mouse.

Deer/Tick  Ticks will feed on a deer’s blood and harm the deer.

Hermit Crab and a Shell  Hermit crabs live in shells made and then abandoned by snails. This relationship neither helps nor harms the snails.

Wasp/Catepillar  A wasp lays its eggs on a caterpillar. When the wasp eggs hatch, the larva will eat the caterpillar and kill it.

Bee/Maribou Stork  The stork uses it saw-like bill to cut up the dead animals it eats. As a result, the dead animal carcass is accessible to some bees for food and egg laying. The relationship neither harms nor benefits the stork.

Honey guide Bird/Badger  Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers to bee hives. The badgers then expose the hives and feed on the honey first. Next the honey guide birds eat. Both species benefit.

Orchids/Bromeliads  Orchids grow inside a bromeliad plant. The orchid obtains water and nutrients from the bromeliad, but does not help or harm it.

Sparrow/Osprey  A sparrow will build its nest under the nest of an osprey. The smaller birds get protection because other predators will not mess with the osprey. The osprey are not helped nor harmed by the sparrow.

Heartworms/Dog’s Heart  Heartworms develop inside a dog’s heart. The worms cause health problems and may result in death.

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall