Foundations of Government Government

Monarchy Absolute power with one person or a small group with hereditary rule. Absolute power with one person or a small group with hereditary rule.

Dictatorship Autocratic form of government. Government is ruled usually by one person, or a group with absolute power. Autocratic form of government. Government is ruled usually by one person, or a group with absolute power.

Theocracy God or deity is state’s supreme ruler. Leaders act in accordance with God’s will – divine guidance God or deity is state’s supreme ruler. Leaders act in accordance with God’s will – divine guidance

Oligarchy Power rests with a small group of elite people. Usually royal, wealthy or having military power. Power rests with a small group of elite people. Usually royal, wealthy or having military power.

Parliamentary Government Executive branch is drawn from the legislature – prime minister Executive branch is drawn from the legislature – prime minister

Unitary Government Sovereignty is in the central government Sovereignty is in the central government

Proportional Plan Percentage of votes that a group’s candidates obtain in the elections is close to the percentage of seats in Legislature they receive. Percentage of votes that a group’s candidates obtain in the elections is close to the percentage of seats in Legislature they receive.

Democracy Power is derived from the people by direct democracy or by representatives chosen by the people Power is derived from the people by direct democracy or by representatives chosen by the people

Representative Government Elected individuals represent the people. Elected individuals represent the people.

Republic People or some portion of the population retain supreme control over the government. – No monarch People or some portion of the population retain supreme control over the government. – No monarch

Direct Democracy People are sovereign. People make all the decisions in government by voting. People are sovereign. People make all the decisions in government by voting.

Separation of Powers State is divided into branches – each are separate and independent powers and have different areas of responsibility State is divided into branches – each are separate and independent powers and have different areas of responsibility

Rule of Law No one is immune to the law, even a king. No one is immune to the law, even a king.

Civic Virtue Habits of personal living that are important to the success of the community. Habits of personal living that are important to the success of the community.

Social Contract People form states to maintain social order. People form states to maintain social order. Consent of the governed Consent of the governed Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau

Natural Rights Rights all people should have. Rights all people should have. Universal Universal Life, Liberty, Property Life, Liberty, Property

Greek Guy First Known democracy. First Known democracy. City-state of Athens City-state of Athens Direct Democracy Direct Democracy Citizenship – adult males that completed military training Citizenship – adult males that completed military training No Slaves, Women or Children No Slaves, Women or Children

Roman Guy Republic Republic Senate made decisions Senate made decisions To be in the Senate – land, aristocrat and had to be approved To be in the Senate – land, aristocrat and had to be approved

John Locke Social Contract Theory Social Contract Theory Influenced by Rousseau Influenced by Rousseau Influences Thomas Jefferson Influences Thomas Jefferson Life, Liberty, Health, Possession Life, Liberty, Health, Possession

Charles de Montesquieu Separation of Powers Separation of Powers Executive, Legislative, Judicial Executive, Legislative, Judicial No Power exceeds the other No Power exceeds the other

Thomas Jefferson Writer of the Declaration of Independence. Writer of the Declaration of Independence. Influenced by Locke and Rousseau Influenced by Locke and Rousseau Social Contract Theory Social Contract Theory Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness. Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness.