DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION By G. PRAVEEN KUMAR & P. PANDEESWARAN 3RD CIVIL ENGINEERING, DR. MAHALINGAM COLLEGE OF ENGG., AND TECH., POLLACHI-03

SYNOPSIS INTRODUCTION METHODS METHODOLOGIES RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION Disaster management Climate hazards within overall context of disaster management Statutory responsibility of state governments Central government provides logistic and financial support Elaborate response mechanism at national level State level responses vary National coordinating body: National Disaster Management Cell (NDMC)

Disaster Risk Management Disaster management can be defined as the effective organization, direction and utilization of available counter-disaster resources The modern view is that there must be pre-disaster mitigation measures to avoid or reduce impact of disasters. Pre-disaster measures to prevent or mitigate disasters are called Risk Management.

Hazard Vulnerability in India 60% 16% 12% 3% 8%

Vulnerability Scenario In The Future Migration of rural population to urban will demand more economic activities for creating more employment Create in scarcity of inhabitable land,value appreciation of available land,value depreciation of land in hazard prone areas High demand for infrastructure development Create in an un-affordability of quality construction Will lead to likelihood of high damages and losses

Human Alteration Of The Natural Land Features It may be contributing to hazards that are more intense and frequent by disrupting the balance of nature. This slide, shows a diagram of runoff in an area with natural land features that help to reduce the destructive effects of flooding.

Human Alteration Of The Natural Land Features

Human Impact on the Environment Many benefits of a natural landscape are lost or modified as development takes place.

Negative Consequences of Development Migration of population to cities Densely populated Communities More people living on marginal lands Greater unplanned settlements due to land scarcity High risk due to natural and manmade Hazards

Results due to high exposure of Infrastructure Increased vulnerability to Primary hazards such as earthquakes, floods,cyclones etc. Potential high impact due to secondary hazards like urban fire, technological and other accidents etc High environmental problems and inconvenience to urban populations More control measures to save facilities,innovative design options are needed

What is Management? Management consists of decision-making activities undertaken by one or more individuals to direct and coordinate the activities of other people in order to achieve results, which could not be accomplished by any one person acting alone. Management is required when two or more persons combine their efforts and resources to accomplish a goal, which neither can accomplish alone.

What is disaster risk management? Disaster risk management includes administrative decisions and operational activities that involve • Prevention • Mitigation • Preparedness • Response • Recovery and • Rehabilitation Disaster risk management involves all levels of government. Non-governmental and community-based organizations play a vital role in the process.

Disaster Management cycle Disaster Risk Management

METHODS Risk Management Process Risk management has three components. – Risk identification – Risk reduction – Risk transfer

Risk Identification Risk identification has to be done through mapping and using other available technological options. It is usual to allocate risk management to a special body at national level. Usually it is a National Disaster Management Organization (NDMO) at national level.

Risk Reduction Effective risk reduction involves mitigation measures in hazard prone areas. It may also involve overcoming the socioeconomic, institutional and political barriers to the adoption of effective risk reduction strategies

Risk Transfer Effective risk transfer involves different tools such as insurance,tax policies,special measures focused on land management. Organizational structure,policies,legislation etc. is required for effective implementation of risk transfer strategies for a country or localgovernment area.

METHODOLOGIES Pre Disaster Preparedness In Thrust Areas Emergency Operation Centres Multi-purpose Cyclone Shelters Coastal Shelterbelt Plantation National Disaster Information System Early Warning System Mapping

Areas of Concern Activating an Early Warning System network and its close monitoring Mechanisms for integrating the scientific, technological and administrative agencies for effective disaster management Terrestrial communication links which collapse in the event of a rapid onset disaster Vulnerability of critical to disaster events

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Care After Disaster Restoration of Basic Facilities Relief & Reconstruction Economic Rehabilitation Psycho-social Rehabilitation Community Mental Health Scientific Damage Assessment

During Disaster Emergency search & rescue Disposal of dead bodies and Carcass Ex-gratia announcement Immediate relief Mobile Hospitals

Precautions on Disaster Management Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more effective preparedness, mitigation. Increased capacity building leads to faster vulnerability reduction. Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness, mitigation and disaster response

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA : NODAL MINISTRIES / DEPARTMENT FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT DISASTERS NODAL MINISTRIES Natural Disasters Agriculture Air Accidents Civil Aviation Civil Strife Home Affairs Railway Accidents Railways Chemical Disasters Environment Biological Disasters Health & family Welfare Nuclear Accident Atomic Energy

CONCLUSION How To PREVENT disasters? Understand behavior of hazards Reduce Vulnerabilities Reduce the possibility for exposure Increase / Improve Readiness (Capacity, Capability, Efficiency, Effectiveness) Mitigate the impact of hazards

PREVENTION Objective is to achieve sustainability in development process. Series of interconnected initiatives at all levels at all times Implemented by multidisciplinary team working with the community with many vulnerabilities to hazards through a mutually agreed planning process Call for an attitudinal change in managing risk.

REFERENCE http://www.ndmindia.nic.in/ Disaster Risk management by N.M.S.I. Arambepola, Asian Urban Disaster Mitigation Program Disaster management in India by Anand Patwardhan IIT-Bombay Disaster Management - Perspective Planning – GOI Initiatives by M. Madhavan Nambiar