Lesson#1 – What is an argument and how do I know its parts?

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

-- in other words, logic is

Advertisements

The Basics of Logical Argument Two Kinds of Argument The Deductive argument: true premises guarantee a true conclusion. e.g. All men are mortal. Socrates.

1st Proposition Speech 1.Statement of the Resolution 2.Definition of Essential Terms (should be clear to the average person) 3.Outline Arguments/Pillars.

SO YOU THINK YOU CAN ARGUE?. What is an argument?  a reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right.

Introduction to Philosophy

1 Valid and Invalid arguments. 2 Definition of Argument Sequence of statements: Statement 1; Statement 2; Therefore, Statement 3. Statements 1 and 2 are.

Using paragraphs to write an argument Using connectives to improve our writing.

Philosophy 103 Linguistics 103 Introductory Logic: Critical Thinking Fall 2007 Dr. Robert Barnard.

Debate. Inductive Reasoning When you start with a probable truth, and seek evidence to support it. Most scientific theories are inductive. Evidence is.

Logos Formal Logic.

Debate. Inductive Reasoning When you start with a probable truth, and seek evidence to support it. Most scientific theories are inductive. Evidence is.

Basic Argumentation.

Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

UNLOCKING THE PERSUASIVE ESSAY Thayer’s “Essay By Numbers” Approach to the Persuasive Essay.

English 100 Tuesday, On a sheet of paper, write about the following prompt… you will keep this in your notebook: “I don’t regret the things I’ve.

9/20/12 BR- Who are the 3 Argument Brothers (from yesterday) Today: How to Argue (Part 1) MIKVA!!

Three Modes of Persuasion Qualitative/Quantitative September 2011 Rhetoric: Communication Techniques.

Thinkin’ about Logic Using the Toulmin system to evaluate arguments.

Logic in Everyday Life.

10/20/09 BR- Who are the three “brothers” of Argument? Today: Constructing A Logical Argument – Deductive and Inductive Reasoning -Hand in “facts” -MIKVA.

Deductive Reasoning Chapter 2 Lesson 4.

Question of the Day!  We shared a lot of examples of illogical arguments!  But how do you make a LOGICAL argument? What does your argument need? What.

Ways of Knowing: Reason Reason. Cogito ergo sum Reasoning Deductive Inductive.

2.8 Methods of Proof PHIL 012 1/26/2001.

10/21/09 BR- Identify the (1)premises and the (2)conclusion in the following deductive argument. Is it valid or invalid? All fish need gills to breath.

Ethics = Morality Some draw a distinction, but no distinction is generally recognized. Philosophers use the terms interchangeably.

BBI 3420 Critical Reading and Thinking Critical Reading Strategies: Identifying Arguments.

Rhetoric = The Art of Persuasion The history of rhetoric and the concepts of ethos, pathos and logos began in Greece.

Do Now  What does logos appeal to in an advertisement?  Give three examples.

CSE 321 Discrete Structures Winter 2008 Lecture 5 Rules of Inference.

PHIL 2525 Contemporary Moral Issues Lec 2 Arguments are among us…

Sentence (syntactically Independent grammatical unit) QuestionCommandStatement “This is a class in logic.” “I enjoy logic.” “Today is Friday.”

Logic and Reasoning.

Understanding the Persuasive Techniques in Developing Arguments How a speech can soothe and inspire a grieving population.

Academic Vocabulary Unit 7 Cite: To give evidence for or justification of an argument or statement.

09/17/07 BR- What is “logic?” What does it mean to make a logical argument? Today: Logic and How to Argue (Part 1)

Deductive Reasoning. Deductive reasoning The process of logical reasoning from general principles to specific instances based on the assumed truth of.

Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Deductive reasoning. The curious incident An expensive racehorse has been stolen. A policeman asks Holmes if any aspect of the crime strikes him as significent.

Our Need for Direction March 13. Remember the time … What was it like when you were in a situation where you suddenly had no source of light? Today we.

Deductive VS Inductive Reasoning

PROPOSALS LESSON #17. WRITING TIP OF THE DAY – CAPITALS For proper nouns (names of people, places, publications, titles, etc.), always capitalize the.

Do now Can you make sure that you have finished your Venn diagrams from last lesson. Can you name 5 famous mathematicians (including one that is still.

09/17/08 BR- Identify the premises and the conclusion in the following deductive argument. Is it valid or invalid? All fish need gills to breath water.

Section 2-4 Deductive Reasoning.

Deductive reasoning.

Relevance Premises are relevant to the conclusion when the truth of the premises provide some evidence that the conclusion is true Premises are irrelevant.

Inductive vs. Deductive Reasoning

Win Every Argument Every Time

Critical Thinking.

The Ontological Argument

Formulating a logical argument using Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Testing for Validity and Invalidity

Building Argument and Integrating Evidence

New Rhetoric Journal PDN: read the sentence below and identify what techniques the authors used to support their claim. Come up with as many techniques.

The Ontological Argument

The Power of Critical Thinking

CSE 321 Discrete Structures

The most important idea in logic: Validity of an argument.

Academic Argument: The Key to Success

The Persuasive Speech Ch. 24.

“Still I Look to Find a Reason to Believe”

Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Toulmin Model

Phil2303 intro to logic.

Syllogisms and Enthymemes.

Creating an Argument.

Structuring and Analyzing Arguments: The Toulmin Model

If there is any case in which true premises lead to a false conclusion, the argument is invalid. Therefore this argument is INVALID.

If there is any case in which true premises lead to a false conclusion, the argument is invalid. Therefore this argument is INVALID.

Presentation transcript:

Lesson#1 – What is an argument and how do I know its parts?

Today we are going to learn about what an argument is, what it is made up of, and how we may identify its major parts. By the end of this lesson you will be able to: (a) identify and label premises (b) identify and label conclusions (c) judge whether or not a collection of statements is, in fact, a logical argument. Our Goals

Ancient Greek Argument Example All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

The reasons for something—the “whys”—are premises. The premises support someone’s claim (the conclusion), whatever the claim might be. In this case the premises are (1)all men are mortal and (2) Socrates is a man. Why? Because they support the conclusion (what one wants to prove) that Socrates is mortal. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

All pigs can fly. (Premise 1) Vaughn is a pig. (Premise 2) Therefore, Vaughn can fly. (Conclusion) Why should you believe Vaughn can fly? First, because pigs can fly. Second, because he is a pig. Finding Argument Parts Ask “Why should I believe that!” The reasons for “why you should” will be the premises and the “what” of “what you should believe” is the conclusion.

Exercise Identify the premises and conclusion in the following: “Twenty-eight children in the United States were killed by falling television sets between 1990 and That is four times as many people as were killed by great white shark attacks in the twentieth century. Loosely speaking, this means that watching ‘Jaws’ on TV is more dangerous than swimming in the Pacific. “The Statistical Shark,” The New York Times, September 6, 2001.

How close did you get? Premise One: Twenty-eight children in the US were killed by falling TV sets between 1990 and Premise Two: That is four times as many people as were killed by great white shark attacks in the 20th century. Conclusion: Watching “Jaws” on TV is more dangerous than swimming in the Pacific.

Recap What is an argument? A conclusion together with the premises that support it. What is a premise? A reason offered as support for another claim. What is a conclusion? The claim being supported by a premise or premises.