Marine Studies Classification of Organisms. Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying organisms. Helps Biologists study living things.

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Presentation transcript:

Marine Studies Classification of Organisms

Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying organisms. Helps Biologists study living things.

Carl Linnaeus Swedish Biologist Came up with the classification system in the 1750s Uses Latin Came up with binomial nomenclature (two-word system for naming organisms)

Scientific Names are Universal A plant or animal can be called different names in different places. These are called “common names” Ex: Mountain Lion = puma = cougar The scientific name is the same : Puma concolor

Kingdom 5 kingdoms  Plantae  Animalia  Fungi  Monera  Protista

Order of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Human example Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primata Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapien

A scientific name is always written as Genus and species Genus is capitalized, species is not. It is underlined or italicized

Dog example Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: Canus Species: familiaris

Dog family Dog: Canis familiaris Wolf: Canis lupis Coyote: Canis lantrans

Great White Shark example Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata (has a backbone) Class: Chondrychthys Order: Lamniformes Family:Lamnidae Genus: Carcharodon Species: carcharias

Common Starfish Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata Class: Asteroidia Order: Forcipulatida Family: Asteriidae Genus: Asterias Species: rubens

What exactly is a species? Organisms that breed with each other in the wild and produce fertile offspring are called species. Some animals can mate, a horse and a donkey, but their offspring, the mule is infertile

Other animals could mate (like a Lion and a Tiger), but do not do this in nature due to geographic isolation and preference. They are not the same species. Some species have groups that live in different places so we say they are subspecies and they have 3 names.

Ex: Western Rattlesnake Crotalus viridis There are five different kinds of Western Rattlesnakes that can breed with each other, but live in different areas and have different markings. The kind that we have is a subspecies: the Southern Pacific Rattlesnake: Crotalus viridis helleri

Classification tells us how closely related different species are (or not).

Here are the ten families of the Order Carnivora: Canidae (dogs, wolves, jackals, and foxes), Ursidae (bears), Procyonidae (raccoons), Mustelidae (skunks,weasels, badgers, and otters), Viverridae (civets and mongooses), Hyaenidae (hyenas), Felidae (cats), Otariidae (eared seals), Odobenidae (walrus), and Phocidae (earless seals).