Disorders of the Cardiovascular System SBI3U

Cardiovascular disease deaths Every 7 minutes in Canada, someone dies from heart disease or stroke. Heart disease and stroke are two of the three leading causes of death in Canada.

What is hypertension? Increases blood pressure in the arteries Effect on the body Heart becomes over worked trying to pump blood against the high pressure Arteries damaged; walls become hardened (arteriosclerosis) and lose their elasticity Blood clots can occur; coronary artery will cause heart attack; in the brain cause a stroke Kidneys may be damaged

The Risk Factors of coronary heart disease ?

Things you can’t change: Family history Increasing age Gender Controllable: High blood pressure Elevated blood fats Obesity Diabetes These you can change: Poor eating habits Response to stress Physical inactivity

DISORDERS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (Blood Vessels) Arteriosclerosis Overtime too much pressure in arteries lead to hardening and loss of elasticity of the arterial wall “hardening of arteries” Caused by hypertension, age, plaque buildup

Atherosclerosis Most common form of arteriosclerosis Due to plaques develop on the inner walls of the arteries, narrowing their inner diameter Fat cholesterol, calcium, and other materials form plaque

Treating Arteriosclerosis: Angioplasty Catheter with a balloon is inserted into femoral artery and snaked all the way to coronary artery Balloon is expanded and stent holds artery open

Angioplasty http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fL3Aak_PI-I

Heart Attack caused by a blockage of an artery that supplies the heart with blood thus cutting off supply of O2 to cardiac cells symptoms  indigestion chest pain pain along the left arm

HEART ATTACK (“MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION”)

Treating Arteriosclerosis: Coronary Bypass Section of healthy artery or vein from another part of the body (usually leg) is removed and put in place of blocked coronary artery Double, triple or quadruple

ANGINA

Angina treatment Nitroglycerin dilates coronary arteries, allowing blood to reach cardiac muscle tissue

Stroke caused by a blockage of an artery supplying the brain, cutting off the supply of O2 to brain cells symptoms vary depending on area of brain affected

Aneurysm occurs as a result of a broken blood vessel causing the inner wall of the artery to bulge

ANEURYSMS Abnormal weakening in artery wall Pressure of the blood flowing through the vessel creates a bulge at the weak spot When the size of an aneurysm increases, there is a significant risk of rupture, resulting in severe hemorrhage, complications or death

HEART MURMURS A heart murmur is an extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat No symptoms Usually harmless

Heart Disorders Murmur one or more of the heart valves does not open or close properly failure to open  restricts flow of blood from the heart failure to close  blood being drawn back into the heart characteristic whooshing or rasping sound caused by the blood escaping from the valve most common  mitral valve (A-V valve) prolapse

“Blue Baby Syndrome” septal defect is a hole in the septum allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix in the heart

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE Your heart muscle cannot pump, or eject, the blood out of the heart very well. This is called systolic heart failure. Your heart muscles are stiff and do not fill up with blood easily. This is called diastolic heart failure.

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE As the heart's pumping action is lost, blood may back up in other areas of the body, causing fluid to build up in the lungs, the liver, the gastrointestinal tract, and the arms and legs. As a result, there is a lack of oxygen and nutrition to organs, which damages them and reduces their ability to work properly.

ANEMIA Lower than normal amount of oxygen reaching tissues due to: Low number of red blood cells Less hemoglobin in red blood cells than normal Sickle cell anemia (abnormally shaped red blood cells)

Blood Disorders Anemia caused by a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin content

Hemophilia blood clots slowly or not at all caused by a lack of one of the factors involved in the release or activation of thromboplastin from platelets

Mononucleosis caused by a virus that can be transmitted by saliva, coughs and sneezes decrease in the ratio of red blood cells to white blood cells so more white blood cells! As many as 95% of adults between 35 and 40 years of age have been infected

LEUKEMIA Cancer of the blood or bone marrow, where white blood cells are overproduced These extra white blood cells are immature or dysfunctional, and create a harmful RBC / WBC imbalance

Leukemia a form of cancer that affects the organs that form blood cells great increase in the number of white blood cells

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) caused by a virus (HIV) that attacks the immune system, destroying the Helper T cells, affecting the body’s ability to fight infections