CE 394K.2 Surface Water Hydrology Lecture 1 – Introduction to the course Readings for today –Applied Hydrology, Chapter 1 –“Integrated Observatories to support Integrated Environmental Science” by L. Douglas James, NSF

CUAHSI Hydrologic Information Systems

1. Hydrologic Observations Database Hydrologic System Sensing Recording Transmission EditingStorage Retrieval Sampling Transmission Laboratory Analysis Recording On-Site Measurement Off-Site Measurement

2. Hydrologic Representation Hydrologic Observation Data Geospatial Data Remote Sensing Data Weather and Climate Data (NetCDF) (GIS) (Relational database or delimited ascii) (EOS-HDF) Digital Watershed

3.Hydrologic Analysis Hydrologic Process Modeling Statistics and Hypothesis Testing Visualization Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Digital Watershed Our major focus will be on the computation of water balances

Hydrologic Data Model Hydrologic Fluxes and Flows Digital Watershed (Atmospheric, surface and subsurface water) We need to represent the physical environment and water flowing through it

Created first for the Neuse basin Digital Watershed: An implementation of the CUAHSI Hydrologic Data Model for a particular region

Arc Hydro: Geodatabase model for water resources Customization of ArcGIS for water resources. Public domain data model and toolset Stores time series as well as geospatial data Attach remote sensing and climate model files using links Integrate data into a coherent space-time framework

ArcIMS Web Server displaying data compiled in Neuse HO Planning Study

Unidata: Atmospheric Science Precipitable water in the atmosphere Cross-section of relative humidity Images created using Unidata’s Integrated Data Viewer (IDV) Wind vectors and wind speed (shading) Unidata delivers real-time weather data including Nexrad to more than 100 universities

Neuse Basin: Coastal aquifer system * From USGS, Water Resources Data Report of North Carolina for WY 2002 Section line Beaufort Aquifer

San Marcos Basin

USGS Stream Gaging Stations

922 km 2

1071 km 2

290 km 2

125 km 2

2178 km 2

Downloaded Stream Gage Data San Marcos River at Luling, Texas agency_cdsite_nodatetimeStageDischarge USGS /18/2004 0: USGS /18/2004 0: USGS /18/2004 0: USGS /18/2004 0: USGS /18/2004 1: USGS /18/2004 1: USGS /18/2004 1: USGS /18/2004 1: USGS /18/2004 2: USGS /18/2004 2: USGS /18/2004 2: USGS /18/2004 2: USGS /18/2004 3: USGS /18/2004 3:

Surface and Groundwater Flow

Issues Does the streamflow per unit area varying by location in the basin? What is the residence time for surface water flow in the basin? What is the residence time for groundwater flow draining out at San Marcos springs? Can we meaningfully separate surface and groundwater flow?

NCDC Rain Gages (historical daily rainfall data)

Real-time Radar rainfall data Station KWEX Austin-New Braunfels Radar reflectivity in DBZ Ground clutter

Time Coordination UTC = Coordinated Universal Time = Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) We are 6 hours behind UTC when on Central Standard Time

Issues How accurate is radar precipitation estimation? How can we get the data? How do we archive the data since the files are so large? Can we use these data to make reasonable water balances with streamflow?

Forecast Precipitation and Weather from the ETA Model

Integrated Data Viewer – viewer for climate and weather information

Issues Can we get weather and climate grids from these data sources? Can we incorporate these data into computed water balances? Is this a reasonable way to account for evaporation? How does climate model preciptation compare with Nexrad?