Postmodernism

one ： the emergence and Development of postmodernism( 后现代主义的产生与发展 ) Two: a major figure and the basic ideas in post- modernism. （后现代主义的主要人物及其基本主张） Three: the rationality and errors of post-modernist （后现代主义的合理性与错误）

one_the emergence and Development of postmodernism In 1960s, modernism generated and developed into the mainstream of Western academia ; in 1980s,it reached its peak and in 1990s,it gradually began to be weakened and begin to differentiate Postmodernism is a culture thought.formed in the criticism and reflection to the modern philosophy ;western society; science and technology and ration. Representatives are Derrida( 德里达）, Lyotard （利奥塔）, Foucault （福柯）, Rorty （罗蒂）, Deleuze （德勒兹）, Habermas （哈贝马斯）.

one_the emergence and Development of postmodernism A)the historical background of the postmodernism 1.the extreme development of science \ technology \ ration\ and the second world war outbreak. 2. the political economy conflicts of capitalist society intensified,\ the human’s survival of condition even got worse. 3. the nature destruction of capitalism intensified, threatening the survival of people their homes.

one_the emergence and Development of postmodernism (B) the theory sources of postmodernism 1. the anti-metaphysical tendencies in modern philosophy. 2.Wittgenstein‘s ( 维特根斯坦 )later language philosophy. 3. Nietzsche‘s （尼采） irrationalism and non-moralistic viewpoints. 4.Heidegger‘s ( 海德格尔 )critic of Western philosophy \the "language", "existence" theory. 5. the impact on the traditional philosophy of the development of hermeneutics( 解释学）.

one_the emergence and Development of postmodernism (C) the emergence of postmodernism and defined the development process. 1. in 1960sand early 1970s, the emergence and the initial development of postmodernism. 2.in late 1970s to middle 1980s, its development got to the peak. 3.in late 1980s to 1990s, the decline of differentiation period.

the emergence and Development of postmodernism 4. the definition 1.Modernism: the reflection of Modern bourgeois ideology social practice and in the cultural field ;Core: humanitarian and rationalism;social and historical progress. Second, post-modernism: the time, in "Modernism“; the thinking logic "non-modern", with the "modernism" a complete break, on behalf of a "high degree of modernization."

one_the emergence and Development of postmodernism (D) characteristics of postmodern theory. 1.the anti-logocentric, anti-language centered. 2.anti-foundationalism, anti-nature of reductionism. 3.Being against the integrity, unity. 4. the opposition centered, seeking diversity and uncertainty.

one_the emergence and Development of postmodernism 5. Being against the rational, digestion modernity. 6.The digestion subjectivity. 7.Being against the correspondence theory of truth, emphasize the commercialization of pragmatic truth and knowledge.

Two_the major figures and the basic ideas in post-modernism (A) Richard Rorty‘s( 罗蒂 ) "post-philosophical culture" Rorty: the main representative of philosopher of the new pragmatism, in postmodernism, in the U.S.A 1. criticizing capital "philosophy", advocating lower case, anti- essentialism "post-philosophical culture." 2.being against the correspondence theory of truth, that truth is something that people believed 3.advocating science, literary and political culture can not replace philosophy as the supreme in post-philosophical era

Two_the major figures and the basic ideas in post-modernism (B) Derrida‘s deconstruction ( 德里达的解构主义 ) Derrida, the famous contemporary French philosopher, founder of the deconstruction theory. 1.starting from the language, dismantling "logocentric" and "present", deniing the body, the nature of existence. 2. starting from anti-"logocentric",”center” and “the prime digestion”, subversion binary structure and hierarchical structure, so that things between the two levels of hierarchy between the "free play." 3. opposing language center to further deconstruction of metaphysics building itself.

Two_the major figures and the basic ideas in post-modernism. C) Lyotard( 利奥塔 ):the legal crisis of knowledge of and the exile of meta-language,and the center. 1.traditional knowledge systems are divided into two types ___ narrative and scientific knowledge 2.in the post-modern condition, knowledge becomes a commodity, digital, technical, operational. 3. the pursuit of knowledge is not to seek consensus, not be universal and legal standards, but the search for differences and uncertainties. 4.knowledge legitimization and the intellectual status crisis, the general main body retired and the specific intellectual debut.

Two_the major figures and the basic ideas in post-modernism (D) relief of modernity Habermas Habermas: contemporary German philosopher, sociologist, representative of the second generation of the Frankfurt School, he opposed to the identity of the second post-modernism also known as post-modernist. 1. modernity making reason as sign became a problem ; but modernity has not done that. 2.the claim post-modernity is impossible, emphasizing communication and consensus, building a new reason. 3. Habermas debated with Lyotard Derrida,re-emphasized consensus and modernity was not completed.

Three_post-modernist rationality and errors (A) rationality. 1. the post-modernism adhered to the philosophy criticism. 2.the postmodernism pays attention to reality 3. the post-modern critics of the metaphysical way of thinking, against modern world view of the all-encompassing 4.postmodernism value is ignored by modern, value of all addition and after the modernity.

Three_post-modernist rationality and errors (B) failure 1. skepticism, nothing of all. 2.being against rational, digestion Subject 3. relativism. 4.the criticism and deconstruction with the limitations within the scope of knowledge 5. the metaphysics being against the metaphysics.