Science CST Review April 2014

WRITE THESE DOWN! SPEED = DISTANCE / TIME D S T

Density = Mass/Volume M D V

Force = Mass X Acceleration F MA

Velocity = speed in a given direction

What does a “nonlinear graph” look like? A curved line!

What does a linear graph look like? Straight or slanted line

24g/100ml =.24 g/ml

What is the average speed of a person who jogged 18 kilometers in 3 hours? 6 km/h

A car is traveling on a freeway and its motion is recorded in a data table. Review the data and determine this car’s average speed. Time (hrs)Total Distance (km) a.66 km/hr b.100 km/hr c.50 km/hr d.25 km/hr

Which characteristic of an object determines the amount of force needed to accelerate the object? a.Density b.Mass c.Volume d.Temperature

Remember, you can find the volume of an object by measuring the volume of water that it displaces. Using that information, you can then calculate the density of an object. Original volume = 150 mL Displaced volume = 180 mL What’s the volume? 30 mL

Using the information from the previous slide, calculate the density of the metal – the metal has a mass of 150 grams. D = M/V 150g 30mL = 5g/mL

A science student measures the pH of a solution using pH paper. The pH of the solution is 7. The solution is? NEUTRAL!

What does the term “thermal conductivity” best represent? a.The ability of a substance to conduct heat b.The ability of a substance to freeze c.The ability of a substance to phase change easily d.The ability of a substance to produce electricity

What does Astronomical Unit represent? a. A way to determine star movement b. Equal to the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun c. A way to determine how big a galaxy is d. Equal to light years

Which of the following substances would have a greater “molecular motion”? a. Air b. Ice c. Water d. Oobleck

Name the 8 planets in the correct order: a.Neptune, Jupiter, Mercury, Earth, Venus, Mars, Saturn, Uranus b.Mercury, Earth, Venus, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus c.Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune d.Mars, Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn

What gives stars their color? a.The electromagnetic spectrum b.The star’s surface temperature c.The distance the star is from the Earth d.The star’s core temperature

What is the name of our galaxy? a.Milky Way b.Alpha Centurion c.Solar System d.M87

The motion of planets in our solar system is mostly influenced by… a. Gravity and mass b. Gravity and inertia c. Centrifugal force d. Planets orbiting each other

What type of molecular structure is this? A CRYSTALLINE SOLID

What a comet looks like

Which best describes the 3 Classes of Organic Compounds required by living things… a.Starch, fat, & vitamin C b.Sugar, proteins, & nucleic acids c.Lipids, cholesterol, & vitamins d.Vitamins, minerals, & carbohydrates

Which best describes Carbon? a.Essential to life; produce large, complex molecules called polymers b.Excellent bonding ability due to 4 valence electrons c.Carbohydrates contain Carbon & Hydrogen d.All of the above

How would you use the Periodic Table of Elements to determine the number of protons an element has? Atomic Number!!

Molecular Movement A B C SOLID PARTICLESLIQUID PARTICLES GAS PARTICLES

Molecular Motion = movement of particles Which would best show an increase in molecular motion? a. Solid to Liquid to Gas b. Liquid to Gas to Solid c. Gas to Solid to Liquid d. Solid to Gas to Liquid

Motion Graphs Which part(s) of the following speed versus time graphs shows CONSTANT SPEED?

Which action will result in a product with new chemical properties? melting ice folding paper freezing juice or burning trash

The subatomic particles that carry a negative charge in the atom are? a.Neutrons b.Protons c.Electrons d.All of the above

Isotopes of the same element are different because? They have a different number of neutrons!

How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom? Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass!

Miscellaneous Info Boiling temperature = 100 o C Freezing temperature = 0 o C Velocity and speed both measure distance and time Two forces that prevent large objects from moving are gravity and friction Balanced forces result in NO MOTION! Unbalanced forces change velocity of an object (they cause motion)

Astronomy Facts Nuclear fusion reactions in the core of the stars produce energy; part of this energy is radiated through the surface of the star as visible light – a new star is formed when fusion begins! Galaxies are millions of LY apart There are billions and billions of galaxies

Astronomy Facts Stars are formed in a nebula (a large cloud of gas and dust in space) The space between stars is called interstellar space (which contains mostly gas and dust) Life cycles of stars depend on their mass – low-mass stars (like our sun) eventually become red giants, then white dwarfs

Astronomy Facts High-mass stars can explode before they die – they are called supernova if they explode After the explosion, high-mass stars become either neutron stars or black holes

Conservation of Mass = matter (nor mass) is created OR destroyed during a chemical reaction; this is why we balance equations The elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are present in ALL LIVING THINGS! Vitamins, minerals, water, and salt are “other nutrients” that your body uses to support the functioning of large molecules

The ability to melt something = thermal conductivity; this would relate to heat being involved Buoyant force = an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid that gets “displaced” The term “reference point” refers to a “stationary” object (non-moving) that is used to tell whether something is in motion

A “density column” like this one can show which substances are least dense versus most dense!

Types of forces? Friction is one that “opposes” motion (you can increase or decrease it in many situations) What is the difference in size between the Earth and moon? The moon is ¼ the size of Earth… basically meaning that 4 moons could fit the diameter of Earth!

What determines which phase of the moon we see? How much of the sunlit side of the moon is facing Earth. What is the difference between a solar eclipse and lunar eclipse? A Solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, and the Moon fully or partially blocks the Sun A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes behind the Earth so that the Earth blocks the Sun's rays from striking the Moon

How does the sun produce energy? Through nuclear fusion