Slave Population in 1860 Slaves were about 4 million of the total black population in the country. By far, the MAJORITY lived in the South. About 11.5% of the slaves lived in Georgia.

SOUTHERN SLAVEHOLDERS 1860 Census 75 % 13% 5% 4% 3%

Slaves Picking Cotton on a Plantation

Slaves Working in a Sugar-Boiling House, 1823

Muscogee County Old Slave Cabins

Slave Family Picking Cotton Near Savannah

Slave Auction Notice

Slave Auction

The Ledger of John White Matilda Selby, 9, $ sold to Mr. Covington, St. Louis, $ Brooks Selby, 19, $ Left at Home – Crazy Fred McAfee, 22, $ Sold to Pepidal, Donaldsonville, $ Howard Barnett, 25, $ Ran Away. Sold out of jail, $ Harriett Barnett, 17, $ Sold to Davenport and Jones, Lafourche, $900.00

Slave Master Brands Slave Equipment Slave Muzzle

Slave Tag Slave Equipment Slave Leg Irons Slave Shoes

Anti-Slave Pamphlet

Slaves posing in front of their cabin on a Southern plantation.

Real Georgia Plantations

A Real Mammie & Her Charge

A Slave Family

Great Awakening of 1820 In the 1820’s a second Great Awakening swept the country. One result of this religious revival was increased and interracial support for abolition (movement to do away with slavery).

Abolitionist Activities Made speeches Conducted meetings Published newspapers Organized and offered their homes as safe houses for runaway slaves in the Underground Railroad Wrote books and articles

Harriet Beecher Stowe Author of book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin. A dramatic picture of slave suffering. Wrote about slaves as individuals rather than a group and described some of the worst things about slavery and the fugitive slave laws. Book was a big success -- over 300,000 copies in first 6 months.

Nat Turner Believed God wanted him to end slavery in America; led a revolt that resulted in the deaths of over 50 whites and numerous slaves. Turner was captured and hanged.

Slave Resistance Refusal to work hard. Isolated acts of sabotage. Escape via the Underground Railroad.

Runaway Slave Ads

Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

Slave States vs. Free States In 1819, the US had 22 states: 11 were slave states (states that did allow slavery) 11 were free states (states that did not allow slavery) SENATE = Equal number of senators from slave states and from free states. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES = Free states had more representatives than the slave states.

The State of Missouri The slave state of Missouri applied for statehood. (Admitting Missouri would upset the balance between slave states and free states.)

Missouri Compromise  After a great deal of debate, Congress adopted the Missouri Compromise.  Missouri would join the Union as a slave state, and Maine joined as a free state.  Slavery would not be allowed north of the 36° 20´ line of latitude.  This compromise kept a balance of power between the free states and slave states in the Senate and provided a temporary solution to the slavery question.

Missouri Compromise, 1820

Dred Scott Decision (1857) a Supreme Court decision adds fuel to the fire... Dred Scott was a Missouri slave. He sued for his freedom because he had lived for a period of time with his master in the free state of Illinois and free territory of Wisconsin. The Supreme Court said Scott could not sue because he was a slave, and slaves were not citizens.

This Caused Further Division SouthNorth

Regina Holland Union Grove Middle School