Evolution Review AP Bio
What is natural selection? Survival of the fittest Those with the best adaptations survive and reproduce
What are the 5 prezygotic barriers? Temporal isolation Habitat isolation Behavioral isolation Mechanical isolation Gametic isolation
How old is the Earth? 4.6 Billion years old
List the categories of taxonomy. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What are the 3 domains? Bacteria (prokaryote) Archaea (prokaryote) Eukarya
What happens after mass extinctions? Animals that survive reproduce and become more diverse
What is Pangaea? The supercontinent that existed 200 mya
What can plate tectonics cause? Volcanoes Islands Earthquakes Move continents together or apart Mountains
What caused the Cretaceous extinction and how do we know? An asteroid There is a large crater under the Gulf of Mexico with minerals from outer space
What are lemurs, and where do they live? Primates Prosimians Madagascar
Which ape spends the most time in trees? Gibbons
Who is Jane Goodall? English Primatologist Studied chimpanzees Saw them make tools
Who is Mary Leakey? Archaeologist Found fossilized footprints and Lucy
Who is Lucy? Our ancestor Australopithecus aferensis
Who is Ida? 65 myo common ancestor of all primates, including us
Which ape are we most closely related to? Chimpanzees
Where did modern humans evolve? Africa
When did modern humans evolve? 100,000 years ago
What was the first major step in human evolution? Evolution of bipedalism
List some anthropoids Monkeys Apes Humans
List some prosimians Lemurs Tarsiers Lorises
List some apes Gorilla Chimp Bonobo Gibbon Orangutan
What is an exaptation? When a structure evolves for one purpose and then later is adapted for another Like feathers on dinos then birds
What is a phylogenic tree? A diagram that traces evolutionary relationships
What is convergent evolution? When 2 species that are not closely related resemble each other because they live in similar environments Like bee wings and bird wings Sharks and dolphins
Which kingdoms are included in Domain Eukarya? Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Which domains are prokaryotic? Bacteria Archaea
Which primates have prehensile tails? New World Monkeys
What is the oldest known primate group? prosimians
When did all primates share a common ancestor? 65 mya
Which primates use tools? Chimps Humans
Do we come from monkeys? No, we share a common ancestor
List the 3 main species of Homo in the order they evolved. Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapien
Where is the Fertile Crescent and what is it like? The Middle East “Cradle of Civilization” Where culture developed Used to be farms, now it’s a desert due to overgrazing
Name some Old World Monkeys Baboons Languar Monkey
Name some New World Monkeys. Spider Monkey Tamarin Monkey
What caused the adaptive radiation of finches on the Galapagos? Geographic isolation
If p is equal to 0.6, what is q? 0.4
If 600/1000 people show the dominant phenotype, what is q2? 400/1000 = 0.4 Always always always find q2 first
What are the 5 H-W conditions? Large pop Random mating No mutation No gene flow No selection (equal reproductive success)
The founder’s effect is an example of what? Genetic drift
What do we use phylogenic trees for? To show which organisms/groups of organisms are most closely related
What things are homologous to human arms? Whale flipper Bat wing Frog leg Cat arm
List King Philip in order Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
How do bacteria develop antibiotic resistance? Natural selection Survival of the fittest
How did Linnaeus classify organisms? By how they look (physical characteristics)
Polyploidy is an example of ______ speciation? sympatric
What is a species? A group of individuals that can breed and produce fertile offspring
What is adaptive radiation? The evolution of several species from one single species
What is kin selection? The survival of related individuals with shared genes due to altruistic behavior
What is the founder effect? The establishment of a new, genetically unique population through genetic drift
What is convergent evolution? The independent development of similar characteristics in unrelated organisms
Which results in more variation, sexual or asexual reproduction? sexual
Why are mules sterile? The chromosome number changed and no gametes will pair up the right way