Major Ideas of the 19th century Industrialization Nation States Ideas of the 19 th century

Liberalism (19th Cen) People should be free from as much restraint as possible People should be free from as much restraint as possible Protect civil liberties Protect civil liberties Laissez-faire economics Laissez-faire economics Popular in new industrialized nations Popular in new industrialized nations

Nationalism most powerful ideology for change in the 19th Century most powerful ideology for change in the 19th Century Loyalty to the nation not a ruler Loyalty to the nation not a ruler Sometimes based on common culture Sometimes based on common culture allied with liberalism allied with liberalism

Germany Unification Most important event in later 19 th cen. Most important event in later 19 th cen. United by Prussia Kaiser Wilhelm I and Otto von Bismark (antiliberal nationalist) United by Prussia Kaiser Wilhelm I and Otto von Bismark (antiliberal nationalist) Effective military- war with Austria Effective military- war with Austria Franco-Prussian War Franco-Prussian War

Italy Unification Count Cavour becomes PM of Sardinia unites with Piedmont, dies Count Cavour becomes PM of Sardinia unites with Piedmont, dies Enter Garibaldi (Thousand Red Shirts”) Enter Garibaldi (Thousand Red Shirts”) Through So Italy. Allied with prussia against Austria- Venetia, then took the Papal Sates during the Franco Prussian War Through So Italy. Allied with prussia against Austria- Venetia, then took the Papal Sates during the Franco Prussian War

Russia 19 th Cen Defeat Napoleon- conservative Defeat Napoleon- conservative Romanov family czars Romanov family czars Nicholas I- Crimean War- debacle Nicholas I- Crimean War- debacle British and French help Turks British and French help Turks Czar Alexander II tried reforms- feudalism, army, land very difficult Czar Alexander II tried reforms- feudalism, army, land very difficult Little industry/education Little industry/education

Napoleon IIIof France Nephew of Napoleon Nephew of Napoleon Elected president, established an empire Elected president, established an empire Mexico Mexico Franco Prussian War 1870 captured, left France Franco Prussian War 1870 captured, left France Third republic established Third republic established

Socialism Result of the Industrialization Result of the Industrialization Social structure changed- workers experienced vast inequality of wealth Social structure changed- workers experienced vast inequality of wealth labor unions formed labor unions formed reforms in government-laws to protect workers reforms in government-laws to protect workers gave rise to Communism- Karl Marx gave rise to Communism- Karl Marx

Industrialization Quantum Leap in production Quantum Leap in production New sources of energy- coal, steam New sources of energy- coal, steam Factories replaced the Farm Factories replaced the Farm Mass movement to cities Mass movement to cities Began in Europe- continues elsewhere Began in Europe- continues elsewhere Specifically in Great Britain Specifically in Great Britain Search for raw materials Search for raw materials

Imperialism Spurred on by Industrialization Spurred on by Industrialization Need for raw materials/ markets Need for raw materials/ markets Spread of Colonial Rule Spread of Colonial Rule 1. Southeast Asia 1. Southeast Asia British=Burma, Malaya,Sarawak British=Burma, Malaya,Sarawak Dutch= East Indies Dutch= East Indies Spanish=Philippines Spanish=Philippines French= Cambodia,Laos, Vietnam French= Cambodia,Laos, Vietnam

Imperialism 19th Cen (cont.) Africa Africa Suez Canal Suez Canal French = N Africa French = N Africa British= S Africa, Rhodesia, Egypt, Nigeria, Kenya British= S Africa, Rhodesia, Egypt, Nigeria, Kenya Belgian=Congo Belgian=Congo German=East Africa German=East Africa Portugal= Angola, Madagascar Portugal= Angola, Madagascar South Asia British Raj order and stability ignored self determination railroads and industry(limited) sati outlawed Leads to Nationalism in the 20th cen

Imperialism/Nationalism North American Style Latin America Latin America Simon Bolivar Simon Bolivar liberates most Spanish areas liberates most Spanish areas Mexico rev Mexico rev Struggle for Independence from Spain Struggle for Independence from Spain War with US War with US French take over French take over United States War with Mexico Civil War Spanish American War Cuba, Philippines

Japan- Enters the Modern World Had maintained separateness Had maintained separateness Tokugawa Rule Tokugawa Rule centralized and feudal in nature centralized and feudal in nature began to unravel began to unravel Contact with West Contact with West Admiral Perry began trade Admiral Perry began trade Industrialization on its way Industrialization on its way And soon Imperialism followed And soon Imperialism followed

Industrialization Effects Created new wealthy middle class Created new wealthy middle class Created huge working class- proletariat Created huge working class- proletariat Relationships between people Relationships between people Relationship with nature changed Relationship with nature changed Exploitation of both Exploitation of both