Taking JHSAT International Roy Fox 9 August 2006

Rationale for JHSAT International Approach How we do the International portion of IHST is critical to success or failure of meeting the IHST goals. Critical issues to be discussed –Accuracy –Creditability –Shareholder Ownership –Consistent Process Control

Basic Responsibilities IHST Goal settings Worldwide Involvement JHSAT Identify root causes and interventions (data driven) Measure actual fleet effectiveness toward 80% reduction JHSIT Develop Implementation approaches and implement Interventions. Measure implementation progress

JHSIT Dilemmas 1.Operations/regulations are country specific. There is no one set of regulations. 2.Most Implementations will be done and must fit within a country’s regulations/limits. 3.Some Implementations will be common worldwide. Many Implementations may be included voluntary. 4.Implementation approaches may vary country to country and may best be addressed by regional organization. There needs to be a JHSIT lead (core) group that coordinates & guides JHSIT regional teams (subgroups) in their regional efforts. JHSIT lead group will develop worldwide implementations as consistent as possible and monitor implementation progress of JHSIT regional teams.

JHSAT Dilemmas 1.Intervention recommendations MUST be data driven. Every recommendation should be based on accurate frequency of occurrence. 2.Different pockets of accident datasets exist around the world. Different definition of what is considered an “accident”. Different quality of information in accident report. Many government reports are not released to the public, especially those of a military service. 3.Different exposures (fleet flight hours) Accurate fleet flight hours are not available in most countries. 4.Different operating rules, regulations and limitations. Implementation is primarily driven within a country regulations although some interventions may be done voluntary. IHST aim is to direct/guide a worldwide reduction goal. The stakeholders in each country are part of the present problem and must be part of the solution within their country. Data analyses and resulting interventions recommended must be mindful of the regional limitations.

Segmented Approach Used Rather than All Work Done by the JHSAT Lead Group 1.JHSAT lead group will measure or “count” accidents/year in all countries for the worldwide total review. 2.Detailed accident data analysis for root causes requires extreme rigor and accuracy. The number of accidents, different accident definitions, different report qualities, different rules, etc. are in different countries. For year 2000 in subsequent charts, the number of accidents per country registry indicates the difficulty. Cannot dump accident reports of all countries into a single database for detailed root cause analyses. To do so, would invalidate any potential analysis results and damage analytical creditability. The same JHSAT analysis process will be controlled by JHSAT lead group to be applied to different regional datasets.

JHSAT Needs to Support Regional Implementations Implementations are going to be regional thus accident intervention/justification must be driven from regional accident data. Accident data sets that are accurate/consistent are regional datasets. Still need a common worldwide analysis approach that can be applied to regional datasets (within their unique limits/regulations) Not all countries/organizations will participate. Process developed, controlled, and taught by the JHSAT Lead Group.

JHSAT Teams JHSAT Lead Group will train regional JHSAT Teams that want to participate. Same analysis technique to be used for Lead Group and all Teams. Training: 3-4 members of a new JHSAT Team will participate in two JHSAT 4-day meetings and subsequent meetings related to analysis summarizing. Lead Group will continue to assist Teams as needed. JHSAT Team: Same format/worksheet/guidelines to analyze their regional data using their own accidents. Team: Their purpose is to identify root causes and interventions of their accidents so can be passed to their region’s JHSIT Team for implementation in their region.

Rationale for JHSAT Approach 1.Need large core dataset to allow accurate and credible results 2.Need rigid, rational, systematic analysis process 3.Need means to use same analysis process worldwide 4.Need to recognize countries variances including: –Accident report quality and availability –Different operating rules –Different definition of accident –Different implementation issues –Limitation on ability to staff JHSAT 5.Need stakeholder participation in analysis or implementation would be unlikely.

NTSB Definition of Accident Used to Determine Consistent Worldwide Accidents Counting 14CFR830.2 definitions “Aircraft accident means an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and all such persons have disembarked, and in which any person suffers death or serious injury, or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage.”

Substantial Damage Definition (14CFR830.2) “ Substantial damage means damage or failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component. Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged, bent fairings or cowling, dented skin, small punctured holes in the skin or fabric, ground damage to rotor or propeller blades, and damage to the landing gear wheels, tires, flaps, engine accessories, brakes, or wingtips are not considered “substantial damage” for the purpose of this part.”

JHSAT Lead Group Dataset Selection Dataset must be consistent to have accurate results. Definition and process must be same throughout. Operations under common regulatory rules Basic JHSAT dataset: NTSB: US Registered Helicopters –Gyrocopters accidents removed –Amateur kit built helicopter accidents removed –Foreign registered helicopters removed (counted against their country of registry) Accidents only per NTSB definition. -Incidents removed. [IHST goal is accident reduction, not incidents]

Year 2000 Accident Slice

Non-US Registered 2000 Accidents Excel

US Military Definitions

Number of Worldwide Accidents 1. Measurement accuracy requires the the item (accident) counted to be the same throughout the measurement period. Thus same accident accident definition will be used through out JHSAT effort until Bell’s worldwide mishap data tracks all helicopters (accidents & incidents) in all countries, uses the NTSB civil accident data definition. 3.Worldwide accidents/year chart used that same criteria as US Registered dataset in NTSB computer data. 4. Worldwide counting of accidents in the future to measure IHST reduction effectiveness will continue to use this same criteria.

Constant Accident Definition Used for Worldwide Count Different countries have different accident definitions. US Military use Mishap Classes Some countries treat incidents as accidents Note: Regional JHSAT Teams will use their regional “accident” data as is. The accident definition cannot change during the study period. Results will be in percentages.

Measuring Annual Progress Accident count/year – achievable worldwide Accurate flight hours exposure problem within country and worldwide. Approach being developed and assistance request to be forthcoming. With flight hours developed, provide for worldwide and by regional JHSAT/JHSIT. –Accident rate/100,000 hr –Fatal accident rate/100,000 hr –Individual risk of fatal injury/100,000 occupant hr Progress report to IHST each year.

Flight Hour Exposure Assistance Present government flight hour estimates of limited value/accuracy for IHST tasks. Bell approach in place for years for Bell civil turbine fleet worldwide and works. Information for Bell approach included within HAI MMIR info under FAA contract. Need JHSIT help with information gathering which can permit rates determination within a country registry, within a regional JHSAT/JHSAT teams, and worldwide. Both JHSAT & JHSIT need accurate flight hours to justify interventions and implementations. RECOMMEND JHSIT LEAD GROUP BE INITIATED.

Flight Hour Information Needed An hour data point has the following: –Model –Serial Number –Registry Number –Date –Total Cumulative Airframe Flight Hours

US Sources of Flight Hour Data MMIRs SDRs Accident Reports Anytime the FAA hears for an individual aircraft where the total airframe time is known. (Maint, registry, Certification of Airworthiness, etc.) Other sources?

Develop Accurate Flight Hours Bell tracks individual aircraft by serial number for flight hours HAI starting to use same approach under FAA R&D MMIR to accumulate individual hours. Year start and end points calculated, flight hours rolled up to major group segment. Bell to develop flight hours for all helicopters worldwide so country and worldwide accident rates can be used to monitor accident rate reductions.

206B Flight Hours - 25 Years

Flight Hour Example from MMIR

Needed from Each Country Regulatory Agency For each civil registered helicopter, provide the following data point information for airframe flight hour points in time. 1.For a date in late 1999 or early For a date in late For the date that the helicopter entered the country registry. 4.For the date that the helicopter left the country registry. A data point contains the following minimum elements: - Model - Registry Number - A/C Serial Number - Date - Total Time of Airframe Flight Hours (rounded to nearest whole hour) on that date.

UK CAA has detail flight hours in Registry for sale. ICAO starting similar with 4 countries. Need to involve ICAO/CAA into IHST and provide flight hours inputs. Need JHSIT started.

Worldwide Flight Hour Program Outputs Annual fleet flight hours to be accumulated into 3 groups within a country registry: –Single piston –Single turbine –Twin turbine Flight hours will be furnished back to regional JHSAT/JHSITs to be used in intervention strategies and fleet safety improvements. Worldwide accident rates to be determined annually. Accident rates by country to be determined annually.

IHST Safety Initiative Analysis, Implementation and Metrics Management Structure IHST Executive Committee JHSAT Lead Group JHSIT Lead Group Regional JHSAT Team A Regional JHSAT Team B Regional JHSAT Team C Regional JHSAT Team...n Regional JHSIT Team A Regional JHSIT Team B Regional JHSIT Team C Regional JHSIT Team...n Regional Team Recommendations JHSAT sends recommendations to JHSIT Regional Team Implementation Results JHSAT/JHSIT cross-talk Need to maintain a strong communication/feedback loop between IHST – JHSAT - JHSIT Region, Country, DoD? Process development using US NTSB data represents 48% of worldwide fleet Measure Accident Reductions Effectiveness Measure Implementation Effectiveness