Liberalism 朴世峻

Basic Liberal Assumption 1. A positive view of human nature 2. A conviction that international relations can be cooperative rather than conflictual 3. A belief in progress

View of state Liberalists ★ establishes and enforces the rule of law that respects the rights of citizens to life, liberty and property --Rechtsstaat ( 宪政实体 ) Realists ★ concentration and instrument of power --Machtstaat ( 权威实体 )

Human Progress Human reason The process of modernization: development of the modern state Cooperation

Four main strands of liberal thinking Sociological Liberalism Republican Liberalism Institutional Liberalism Interdependence Liberalism

Sociological Liberalism Sociological liberals highlight transnational nongovernmental ties between societies. Billard balls collide Cobweb of groups: conflicts muted

Interdependence Liberalism Interdependence liberals pay particular attention to economic ties of mutual exchange and mutual dependence between peoples and government. basically these liberals argue that a high division of labour in the international economy increases interdependence between states, and that discourages and reduces violet conflict between states.

Types of international relations Realism states dominant actors and coherent units force usable and effective military security dominatesthe agenda Complex Interdependence Liberalism transnational actors increasingly important states not coherent units military force less usable, economic and institutional instruments more useful military security less important. welfare issues increasingly important

Institutional Liberalism Institutional Liberals underscore the importance of organized cooperation between state. Institutional Liberals claim that international institutional help promote cooperation between states.

Institutional Liberalism: The role of institutions Provide a flow of information and opportunities negotiate Enhance the ability of governments to monitor others' complience and to implement their own commtiments - hence their ability to make credible commitments in the first place strengthen prevailing expectations about the solidity of international agreements

Republican Liberalism Republican liberals argue that liberal democratic constitutions and forms of government are of vital importance for inducing peaceful and cooperative relations between states. most republican liberals emphasize that democratic peace is a dynamic process rather than a fixed condition.

Republican Liberalism:Three conditions of peace among liberal democracies 1 democratic norms of peaceful resolution of conflict 2 peaceful relations between democratic states, based on a common moral foundation 3 economic cooperation between democracies: tiesof interdependence

Neorealist Critiques of Liberalism Neorealism Interest on the structure of the system Interested on security Believes in defining strategies to approach conflict on international relations Power is balanced Bipolar system Liberalism Interest on the cooperation, progress Interested on peace, freedom Believes in Human reason to be helpful in the process of modernization Cooperation

Basic Assumption – A positive view of human nature – A conviction that international relations can be cooperative rather than conflictual – A belief in progress Sociological Liberalism – Sociological liberals highlight transnational nongovernmental ties between societies. Interdependence Liberalism – Interdependence liberals pay particular attention to economic ties of mutual exchange and mutual dependence between peoples and government. Institutional Liberalism – Institutional Liberals underscore the importance of organized cooperation between state.

Republican Liberalism – Republican liberals argue that liberal democratic constitutions and forms of government are of vital importance for inducing peaceful and cooperative relations between states. Neorealist Critiques of Liberalism – Liberals react differently to these neorealist objections. One group of "Weak Liberals“ accepts several neorealist claims. Another group, "Strong Liberals", maintains that the world is changing in fundamental ways are in line with liberal expectation.

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