Chemistry Of Life Of Cells Of Ch. 2

Prefix and Suffix List Di = Two Glyc = Sweet Mono = One Lip = Fat Lyt = dissolvable Poly = Many Sacchar = sugar Syn= together

Chemistry Review - Elements Pure substance made up of only one kind of atom 90 occur naturally 25 essential to life: O, C, H, N –0= 65%, C=18.5%, H=9.5%, N=3.2% Atom: smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means.

Chemistry Review Atoms Three major parts. (Pg24) –Protons: Positive Charge. Inside Nucleus –Neutrons : Neutral Charge. Inside Nucleus: –Electrons: Negative Charge. Outside Nucleus 2 electrons in first shell 8 electrons in the second shell Eight is Great! Will not React with other atoms. If the outer shell is not full it will react.

Models of atom showing location of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Atomic structure of several elements

Combining Chemicals Compound: When two or more different elements combine. Hydrogen Bond: H 2 O –When hydrogen bonds with a highly electronegative atom (O or N). Creates a polar molecule. Covalent bond: CO 2 –When atoms on the same side of the chart (same size) bond. Share electrons. Can be polar or nonpolar Both Hydrogen and Covalent bonds form molecules, ionic bonds do not. Ionic/ Covalent Bonds Periodic Table Bonding

Example of a chemical reaction

Combining Chemicals continued Ionic Bonds: When atoms on different sides of the chart (different size) bond. Steal electrons. Create Ions Ion: Charged particle either negative or positive. NaCl = table salt

Ionic Bonding

Covalent bond formation

Checkpoint What are the meanings of atomic number, mass number, ion and molecule? What is the significance of the valence (outer) shell of an atom? Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonding.

Solution A mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance. Solute: smaller word, smaller thing Solvent: bigger word, bigger thing

The Importance of Water Polar molecule (it has a negative and positive charge.) –Can dissolve both Ionic and Polar-Covalent molecules Surface Tension –Cohesion: Sticks to itself. –Adhesion: Like a band-aid. Sticks to stuff Capillary Action: Climbs up thin tubes

Organic Compounds: All organic compounds contain Carbon. Nucleic Acids: pg. 39 DNA and RNA –Made of nucleotides: Sugar, Phosphate, and a Nitrogen Base. A::T, C:::G, U ATP: energy cells run on.

DNA Molecule DNA: Go to Problem

ATP Molecule ATP Explained