Media System Change and the Conditions for Journalistic Professionalism

Elements of Professionalization  Autonomy

Elements of Professionalization  Autonomy  Consensus on ethics and standards of practice

Elements of Professionalization  Autonomy  Consensus on ethics and standards of practice distinct to the profession Similar to concept of “field autonomy” in Bourdieu’s sociology

Elements of Professionalization  Autonomy  Consensus on ethics and standards of practice distinct to the profession  Ideology of public service

Elements of Professionalization  Autonomy  Consensus on ethics and standards of practice distinct to the profession  Ideology of public service Shift from “Libertarian” to “Social Responsibility” Theory of the Press

Conditions for Professionalization: U.S. Case  Strong development of media markets

Conditions for Professionalization: U.S. Case  Strong development of media markets  Relative insulation from market mechanisms

“Separation of Church and State” Separation of Business and Editorial Sides of Newspaper Separation of Opinion and News

Conditions for Professionalization: U.S. Case  Strong development of media markets  Relative insulation from market mechanisms  Consensus, “moderate pluralism”

Conditions for Professionalization: U.S. Case  Strong development of media markets  Relative insulation from market mechanisms  Consensus, “moderate pluralism”  Development of rational-legal authority

Conditions for Professionalization: U.S. Case  Strong development of media markets  Relative insulation from market mechanisms  Consensus, “moderate pluralism”  Development of rational-legal authority  Relative centralization of media

Other Contexts for The Development of Journalistic Professionalism  Northern European Press

Other Contexts for The Development of Journalistic Professionalism  Northern European Press Differences: Coexistence of Commercial and Party Press, less emphasis of “objectivity norm”

Other Contexts for The Development of Journalistic Professionalism  Northern European Press  Public Service Broadcasting

Other Contexts for The Development of Journalistic Professionalism  Northern European Press  Public Service Broadcasting Political structures connected with rational-legal authority are crucial

Other Contexts for The Development of Journalistic Professionalism  Northern European Press  Public Service Broadcasting  Communist systems?

Concluding Comments  Journalistic professionalism depends on structural conditions; it cannot be transferred or created in just any context

Concluding Comments  Journalistic professionalism depends on structural conditions  These contexts—and the forms of journalistic professionalism--vary

Concluding Comments  Journalistic professionalism depends on structural conditions  These contexts—and the forms of journalistic professionalism—vary  These contexts are historical—media systems change