DNA, RNA, Proteins Holt McDougal Biology HMD Ch 8 Biology Review DNA, RNA, Proteins Holt McDougal Biology

Question 1 1a. Making a copy of DNA is called __________________. 1b) Which nitrogen base isn’t used during this process because it’s only in RNA not in DNA? ____________

Answer 1 1a. Making a copy of DNA is called Replication 1b) Which nitrogen base isn’t used during this process because it’s only in RNA not in DNA? Uracil

Q 2 Name the enzyme you learned about that adds the complementary nucleotides and spell checks in the picture of DNA Replication. ___________________   .

A 2 Name the enzyme you learned about that adds the complementary nucleotides and spell checks in the picture of DNA Replication. DNA Polymerase  

Q 3 RNA message (mRNA) from the  This process of making an RNA message (mRNA) from the DNA code is called _____________________________

A 3 This process of making an RNA message (mRNA) from the DNA code is called Transcription

Q 4 Which kind of RNA has an ANTICODON region and carries the amino acids to the ribosome?

A 4 Which kind of RNA has an ANTICODON region and carries the amino acids to the ribosome? Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Q 5 Tell at least 2 ways RNA is different from DNA.

A 5 RNA DNA Sugar = ribose Sugar = deoxyribose Single-stranded Double-stranded Contains Uracil Contains Thymine

Q 6 What do we call the small pieces of DNA that are edited out of the mRNA message before it is expressed? (you can think of these pieces as getting in the way, so they are removed).  

A 6 15. What do we call the small pieces of DNA that are edited out of the mRNA message before it is expressed? (you can think of these pieces as getting in the way, so they are removed). INTRONS

Q 7 When making DNA, CYTOSINE always pairs with _______________________.

A 7 When making DNA, CYTOSINE always pairs with GUANINE.

Q 8 Using an RNA message to make a protein is called ______________.

A 8 Using an RNA message to make a protein is called Translation

Q 9 9 . Name this subunit used to build DNA and RNA.

A 9 19. Name this subunit used to build DNA and RNA. NUCLEOTIDE

Q 10 Give the complementary DNA strand.   A T T G C C A G C

A 10 Give the complementary DNA strand. A T T G C C A G C   A T T G C C A G C T A A C G G T C G

Q 11 An experiment conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase using a blender & bacteriophages showed that A. pneumonia kills mice B. Proteins carry the genetic code C. DNA can be transferred between bacteria D. DNA carries the genetic code

A 11 An experiment conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase using a blender & bacteriophages showed that A. pneumonia kills mice B. Proteins carry the genetic code C. DNA can be transferred between bacteria D. DNA carries the genetic code

Q 12 12) The process in which one bacteria is changed by the transfer of genetic material from another bacteria is called _________________.

A 12 12) The process in which one bacteria is changed by the transfer of genetic material from another bacteria is called Transformation

Q 13 Name the nucleic acid that is double stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar.

A 13 Name the nucleic acid that is double stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar DNA

Q 14 Name this kind of mutation

A 14 Name this kind of mutation INVERSION

Q 15 15) Name the woman whose X-ray pictures of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick to figure out the structure of DNA.  

A 15 15) Name the woman whose X-ray pictures of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick to figure out the structure of DNA. Rosalind Franklin  

Q 16 What is a bacteriophage? Virus that infects bacteria Bacteria that infects viruses Virus that infects humans

A 16 What is a bacteriophage? Virus that infects bacteria Bacteria that infects viruses Virus that infects humans

Q 17 17) It has been discovered that __________is the genetic material. A) Proteins B) Viruses C) DNA D) RNA

A 17 17) It has been discovered that __________is the genetic material. A) Proteins B) Viruses C) DNA D) RNA

Q 18 Name the 5-carbon sugar in DNA.

A 18 The 5 carbon sugar in DNA is deoxyribose

Q 19 19) Name the 5-carbon sugar in RNA

A 19 19) the 5-carbon sugar in RNA is RIBOSE

Q 20 20) Do multiple replication forks slow down or speed up DNA replication?

A 20 20) Do multiple replication forks slow down or speed up DNA replication? SPEED UP

Q 21 List the 3 parts of a nucleotide.

A 21 List the 3 parts of a nucleotide. sugar, Phosphate group, Nitrogen base

Q 22 22) which Scientist(s) showed that genetic material can be transferred between dead & live bacteria? A) Griffith B) Avery C) Hershy & Chase D) Watson & Crick

A 22 22) which Scientist(s) showed that genetic material can be transferred between dead & live bacteria? A) Griffith B) Avery C) Hershy & Chase D) Watson & Crick

Q 23 T or F: “Avery’s experiment showed that Transformation is prevented by DNA-destroying enzymes.

A 23 T or F: “Avery’s experiment showed that Transformation is prevented by DNA-destroying enzymes. TRUE

Q 24 Which scientists did research w/ bacteriophages & a blender? A) Watson & Crick B) Hershey & Chase C) Griffith & Avery

A 24 Which scientists did research w/ bacteriophages & a blender? A) Watson & Crick B) Hershey & Chase C) Griffith & Avery

Q 25 Hershey & Chase’s experiment showed without question that ________ stores genetic information in cells. A) RNA B) DNA C) Proteins D) Lipids

A 25 Hershey & Chase’s experiment showed without question that ________ stores genetic information in cells. A) RNA B) DNA C) Proteins D) Lipids

Q 26 The amount of thymine in DNA always equals the amount of ______________.

A 26 The amount of thymine in DNA always equals the amount of ADENINE

Q 27 27) Draw a picture of what a DNA molecule looks like or describe the shape in words.

A 27 DNA looks like a double helix or twisted ladder.

Q 28 What enzyme adds nucleotides to exposed DNA template bases? A) DNA mutagenase B) DNA Helicase C) DNA Polymerase D) DNA nuclease

A 28 What enzyme adds nucleotides to exposed DNA template bases? A) DNA mutagenase B) DNA Helicase C) DNA Polymerase D) DNA nuclease

Q 29 29) Because of base pairing rules, the % of thymine in DNA is approximately equal to the % of _______________. A) Adenine B) Uracil C) Guanine D) cystine

A 29 29) Because of base pairing rules, the % of thymine in DNA is approximately equal to the % of _______________. A) Adenine B) Uracil C) Guanine D) cystine

Q 30 30) T or F: “DNA replication results in 2 DNA molecules each w/ one new strand & one original strand, so it’s called semiconservative replication.” .

A 30 30) T or F: “DNA replication results in 2 DNA molecules each w/ one new strand & one original strand, so it’s called semiconservative replication.” TRUE .

Q31 31) What base does RNA have instead of Thymine? _____________________

A 31 31) What base does RNA have instead of Thymine? URACIL

Q 32 32) Messenger RNA is transcribed from __________________ during Transcription. A) tRNA B) rRNA C) DNA D) Proteins

A 32 32) Messenger RNA is transcribed from __________________ during Transcription. A) tRNA B) rRNA C) DNA D) Proteins

Q 33 33) During ______________________ the cell uses mRNA to make protiens. A) Transcription B) Translation C) Transformation D) Replication E) Duplication  

A 33 (33) During ______________________ the cell uses mRNA to make protiens. A) Transcription B) Translation C) Transformation D) Replication E) Duplication

Q 34 T or F: The correct transfer of information in most organisms is from DNA to RNA to Protein.

A 34 T or F: The correct transfer of information in most organisms is from DNA to RNA to Protein. TRUE

Q 35 When a chromosome undergoes a ____________ mutation, information is lost. A) Inversion B) Deletion C) Duplication

A 35 When a chromosome undergoes a ____________ mutation, information is lost. A) Inversion B) Deletion C) Duplication

Q 36 36) List the 3 types of RNA (give words and abbreviation)

A 36 36) List the 3 types of RNA (give words and abbreviation) Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Q 37 37) T or F: “cells must control gene expression so their genes will only be expressed when needed.”

A 37 37) T or F: “cells must control gene expression so their genes will only be expressed when needed.” TRUE

Q 38 38) A _______________________protein blocks movement of RNA Polymerase. A) RNA helicase B) Repressor C) RNA Blockage D) Promotor  

A 38 A REPRESSOR protein blocks movement of RNA polymerase. A) RNA helicase B) Repressor C) RNA Blockage D) Promotor