The Five Kingdoms Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

1. Monera Simplest organisms, one celled, prokaryotic everywhere on earth, Found everywhere on earth, some are helpful, some harmful, consumers wateroxygen temperature They need water, oxygen and appropriate temperature to survive Most feed on dead plants & animals do not move Most do not move (non-motile) binary fission Asexual reproduction by binary fission (1  2) conjugation Sexual reproduction by conjugation

Cell Parts 1. cytoplasm 2. cell membrane 3. cell wall 4. some have flagella Cell Shapes Round Round (coccus, cocci) Rod-Shaped Rod-Shaped (bacillus, bacilli) Spiral Spiral (spirillum, spirilli)

Different Types of Bacteria

2. Protista Most one celled organisms, eukaryotic, most live in water PROTOZOA PROTOZOA – animal-like, one-celled, move, consumers (don’t make food) ALGAE ALGAE – plant-like, most one-celled, have chlorophyll, producers (m ake food) SLIME MOLDS SLIME MOLDS – fungus-like, one-celled, have 2 life stages (1 fungus-like life stage), consumers ExamplesAmoeba

PROTISTA Kingdom PROTISTA

Asexual reproduction by fragmentation (individual breaks into pieces & each piece grows into a new individual) Sexual reproduction by alternation of generations

3. Fungi Multi-cellular, eukaryotic organisms Most have large cells and many nuclei chitin Fungi have cell walls made of chitin They are consumers, and grow in dark moist places Asexual reproduction by budding (buds re- grow to adult) & fragments (fragments grow to new adult) Sexual reproduction by spores (spores germinate and produce new organism

FUNGI Kingdom FUNGI

4. Plantae Many-celled, eukaryotic Have cell walls made of cellulose Contain chlorophyll, they are producers (make their own food though photosynthesis) Live in both aquatic & land environments Plants do not move Examples include: mosses, ferns, grasses, shrubs, flowering plants (angiosperms), trees (gymnosperms)

PLANTAE Kingdom PLANTAE

We will look at 9 phyla (plural of phylum) 1.Poriferans 2.Coelenterates 3.Platyheminthes 4.Nematodes 5.Annelids 5. Animalia 6. Mollusks 7. Arthropods 8. Echinoderms 9. Chordates

Phylum: Porifera (Sponges)

1. Porifera (Sponges) Simple organisms 2 cell layers No head or mouth, no organs digestion by diffusion Porous body with stiff skeleton Attached to underwater surfaces Live in fresh water and salt water No symmetry No symmetry

Phylum Coelenterata

(jellyfish, sea anemones, sea fans, corals) 2 cell layers Tentacles around the mouth Tentacles have stinging cells Mouth is the only opening into the digestive cavity radial symmetry Have radial symmetry Most live in salt water Nerve net (no head) 2. Coelenterata

Phylum Platyhelminthes

(flukes, tapeworms, planarians) 3 cell layers Mouth is the only opening into the digestive cavity Many are parasitic (flukes, tapeworms) Many live in the ocean (planarians) bilateral symmetry Exhibit bilateral symmetry Primitive brain, 2 longitudinal nerve cords, respond to stimuli (touch, light) Primitive brain, 2 longitudinal nerve cords, respond to stimuli (touch, light) 3. Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

Phylum Nematoda

4. Nematoda (Round Worms) (hookworms, pinworms, trichinae) Have tubular body Have digestive tract with 2 openings Live mainly in the soil, water or animal tissues Reproduce sexually bilateral symmetry Exhibit bilateral symmetry Primitive brain, pharyngeal nerve ring, dorsal and ventral nerve cords Primitive brain, pharyngeal nerve ring, dorsal and ventral nerve cords

Phylum Annelida

(earthworms, sandworms, leeches) 3 cell layers Segmented body with pair of bristles on each segment Have circulatory, digestive & nervous systems (breathe through skin) Sensory cells, more advanced brain, ventral nerve cord with ganglia Move by contracting circular and longitudinal muscles 5. Annelida (Segmented Worms)

Phylum Molluska

6. Mollusca (snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, squids) 3 distinct body parts 1.Head-foot 2.Heart and organs 3.Mantle Have soft body protected by 1 shell, 2 shells or no shell Live in fresh or salt water, or on land

Phylum Arthropoda

7. Arthropoda bilateral symmetry Have jointed legs, segmented bodies & exoskeleton, have bilateral symmetry They live in the water, land and air The 5 major classes include: 1.Crustaceans 1.Crustaceans (Lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp) 2.Arachnids 2.Arachnids – 8 legs, 2 body parts (Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions) 3.Insects 3.Insects – 6 legs, 3 body parts (Beetles, grasshoppers, dragonflies, butterflies) 4.CentipedesMillipedes 4.Centipedes & 5. Millipedes

Phylum Echinodermata

8. Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchins, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea cucumbers) Have 5 body parts (“arms”) radiating out Have bumpy, spiny internal skeleton Have “tube feet” Live in salt water on ocean bottom radial symmetry Exhibit radial symmetry

Phylum Chordata

All chordates have: 1.Gill slits (they stay or disappear) 2.Notochord (supporting rod of tissue along the back) 3.Hollow nerve tube (runs along the back) back bone Most chordates have a back bone (Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals) back bone Some chordates do not have a back bone (Tunicates and Lancelets) 9. Chordata Classes Phylum Kingdom: Animalia

Fish Fish – live in water, breathe through gills, are covered by scales, and are cold-blooded Amphibians Amphibians – live in moist environment, in or near water, or on land for short periods, have thin moist skin, and are cold-blooded Reptiles Reptiles – live on land, breath through lungs, have dry scaly skin, are cold-blooded Birds Birds – live on land & over H2O, have feathers, fly, breath through lungs, warm-blooded Mammals Mammals – live on land and in or near water, have hair, fur, females have mammary glands that produce milk for young. They lay eggs, or have pouches, or develop in the mother (live birth). 5 Classes