Lecture 11 : Space Exploration AVIATION HISTORY Lecture 11 : Space Exploration

Space exploration is the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space

The 11 planets

OBJECTIVES By end of this section, students will be able to explain: Commercial Space Flight Potential How Space Exploration Help Mankind How Rocket Works Different between Jet Engine and Rocket Engine Different between Missile and Rocket

How can we go to outer space A space shuttle goes about 17,500 mph to keep its self flying.

Rocket Engine A rocket engine produces thrust by burning a fuel at high pressure and exhausting the gas through a nozzle. The oxygen for combustion is carried with the propulsion system. High temperatures and pressures is built up, the are used to accelerate the exhaust gases through a rocket nozzle to produce thrust. The heavier the rocket , the greater thrust needed to get it off the ground. Newton 3rd Law: “To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction." 7

Who was the first to travel in space?

Dog Laika

Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space in 1961. On July 20, 1969, Astronaut Neil Armstrong took “a giant step for mankind” as he stepped onto the moon.

Space Exploration The exploration of space began , with the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, which the Soviets sent into orbit in 1957. Globally, 43 countries now have their own observing or communication satellites in Earth orbit.

What is Satellites??

What is satellites Satellites are placed in their orbits by rockets Satellites have many applications including communications, weather observations and military uses. All satellites use microwaves for sending information. These waves travel at the speed of light and are able to pass through the Earth’s atmosphere. On Earth we can receive satellite data through ground station

How Space Exploration Help Mankind What are the potential for a Commercial Space Flight Manufacture of high-value materials in a microgravity environment (ex: medicines for cancer) The commercial development of industrial production, may appear in the future. Space tourism

Advantages of Space Exploration Satellites Telecommunications Earth’s Observation Satellites Navigation Satellites Meteorological Satellites observe changes on Earth over a long period of time provides valuable information in such areas as agriculture, prospecting for oil and minerals, locating fresh water, preserving wildlife, monitoring water and air pollution, mapping the growth of cities, and flood control. Over the years, Landsat has provided resource management information to thousands of users in the U.S. and other countries.

How Space Exploration Help Mankind Satellites Telecommunications TV signals are relayed by satellites in orbit above the Earth. Telephone signals, computer data, and computer images are also transmitted around the world via satellite.

How Space Exploration Help Mankind Earth’s Observation Satellites Satellite can observe changes on Earth to provide valuable information in such areas as agriculture, disaster management (flood, tsunami & etc.)

How Space Exploration Help Mankind Navigation Satellites GPS-Global Positioning System. GPS satellites can navigate us at anytime, any weather & anywhere on the Earth. Used by car, aircraft and personal uses to know the direction Technology - During the past 30 years, space program technology has resulted in more than 1,500 commercial products, including rain water purification systems for developing countries, satellite radio, digital and satellite television, cell phone technology, cordless tools, and GPS navigation in the family car, boat and even on the family farm. Innovation - A survey of 146 senior executives by Christian & Timbers in 2004 found that 69% agreed with a prediction that the Vision for Space Exploration would drive new technology and boost venture capital markets. Medical - Digital hearing aids, miniature heart pumps, cancer detection devices, common smoke detectors, fire-resistant aircraft seats, safety grooving on roads, LASIK eye surgery, humanitarian demining devices, and numerous other medical and safety devices and improvements trace their origins to space technology. Economy - Just 15 firms that received an initial $64 million in NASA life sciences research and added $200 million of their own money created a $1.5 billion return on investment in the form of sold commercial goods and services during 25 years (Space Policy Institute at George Washington University). Environment - We have learned more about our home planet and how best to preserve and protect it due to improved software and imaging developed from the space program. Space technology is responsible for rainwater purification systems for developing countries and numerous environmentally friendly products. 18

How Space Exploration Help Mankind Meteorological Satellites Weather Forecasting, for example, earlier weather info could be used to ensure the safety of flight.

Differences between a jet engine and rocket engine?

Differences between Jet engine and Rocket engine Jet engine is an engine using jet propulsion for forward thrust Rocket engine is an engine using jet propulsion for upward thrust Jet engines do not have their own source of oxygen. Outside air is sucked into the engine to act as an oxidizer Rockets have their own oxygen source, either a liquid tank, or mixed in with the solid fuel. jet engine require a forced intake of air and compress ot to provide thrust. *very efficient. there is no air in space. any air for a jet engine would have to be brought from earth and used. *inefficient rockets burn fuel fuel and its directed thrust is immense. * not very efficient Jet engines require oxygen for combustion, there is no air in space therefore combustion cannot occur. Rockets carry all their own fuel with them and the combustion happens without oxygen which is why they can provide thrust outside of the atmosphere.

Differences between a missile and rocket?

Differences between a missile and rocket?

Rocket vs Missile Purpose Rocket mission is to send the satellite to outer space. Missile mission is as a weapon to attack high value target. Guidance Rocket no guidance system. Missile has a guidance system.