1 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

2 Phosphate Nomenclature

3 Nucleophilic Substitution Rxn’s

4 Sterics

5 Electronics (polarization) Sulfer is more polarizable than oxygen, thus a better leaving group Why acetic anhydride then? Resonance (stabilization of L.G.)

6

7

8 Isotope Labeling How do we really know how these mechanisms work?

9

10 DCC most commonly used for the synthesis of peptides (proteins)

11 LAH reduction forms an alcohol Aluminum plays an important role in the mechanism

12

13 Sterics Role in Alcoholysis

14 Grignard attack of Acid Chlorides Will get two additions, can’t control single vs. double addition

15 Gilman Reagent – Can Isolate the Ketone Example:

16

17 Synthesis of Aspirin

18 Preparation of Tylenol

19 Interesting Ester Examples

20 Ester Synthesis

21

22 Base Catalyzed Hydrolysis

23 Acid Catalyzed Hydrolysis

24 Synthesis of Amides

25 Base Catalyzed Hydrolysis

26 What should you expect in Biochemistry?

27 LAH reduction of Amides

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29 Step Growth Polymers

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31 Biodegradable Polymers

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33 NMR of Ethyl Acetate