Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS REVIEW AND UPDATE Designated Pilot Examiners KEN PANNELL, ASI 2008

Federal Aviation Administration 2 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS LESSON OBJECTIVE: At the completion of this presentation the pilot examiner will be knowledgeable of recent changes to the PTS and current PTS policy.

Federal Aviation Administration 3 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS HOW DO I ASSURE THAT MY PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS ARE UP TO DATE? BY CHECKING THE FAA’S WEBSITE

Federal Aviation Administration 4 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 newmouse

Federal Aviation Administration 5 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 The Preceding Movie Represents? a.Two pilot examiners trying to use the internet? b.Two aviation safety inspectors trying to use the new FAA website? c.Two Pilot Examiner Standardization Team members trying to use Power point? d.All the above

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Federal Aviation Administration 11 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 First and Last Name Address AIRWORTHINESS – DAR, DAS, ODAR, DMR, DOA, SRAR36 DME – DME, DPRE OPS – DPE, TCE, CFI, PILOT SUBMIT SUBSCRIBE OR UNSUBSCRIBE

Federal Aviation Administration 12 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 New Page Added to the PTS Record of Major Changes Introduction The Reference section has been updated to current FAA publications An Abbreviation section has been added Special Emphasis areas have been updated Practical Test References updated Added Letter of Discontinuance information Added ADM and Risk Management Information Renewal or Reinstatement of Flight Instructor Matrix revised Area of Operation II, added TASK L and one other TASK. Added Area of Operation IV, one TASK. Reference to the metric system has been eliminated

Federal Aviation Administration 13 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS NEW ATP IF THE EXAMINER OCCUPIES A DUTY POSITION DURING PRACTICAL TEST, ON AN AIRCRAFT THAT REQUIRES TWO OR MORE CREWMEMBERS, THE EXAMINER MUST FULFILL THE DUTIES OF THAT POSITION, INCLUDING CRM, EXCEPT DURING TWO MANEUVERS. WHAT ARE THEY?

Federal Aviation Administration 14 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS NEW ATP SEA PLANE TASKS INTEGRATED INTO THE PTS REMOVED THE STATEMENT “THE EXAMINER WHO CONDUCTS THE PRACTICAL TEST FOR AN ATP OR AN ADDED RATING MAY WAIVE ANY OF THE TASKS”

Federal Aviation Administration 15 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS NEW FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR FI AIRPLANE – RENEWAL OR REINSTATEMENT TABLE, ADDED MANEUVER LESSON TO THE MATRIX ADDED SINGLE-PILOT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (ASEL & AMEL) ADDED ACCELERATED MANEUVER STALLS (ASEL & AMEL)

Federal Aviation Administration 16 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS NEW FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR FI AIRPLANE – EMERGENCY DESCENT (ASEL) NUMEROUS ELEMENTS ADDED

Federal Aviation Administration 17 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS COMMENTS & RECOMMENDATIONS Snail Mail: Address on Intro Page

Federal Aviation Administration 18 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Private Pilot Airplane Single Engine Land (P-ASEL) Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences Comparison of results for Newly Certified General Aviation P-ASEL Private Pilots: 2005 versus 2006

Federal Aviation Administration 19 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS Which practical tests require a written plan of action? All practical tests require a written plan of action!

Federal Aviation Administration 20 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Practical Test Assessment Question: To what extent did the examiner use a prepared written plan in the conduct of the ground and flight portions of the practical test? Great, considerable, moderate, limited, or not at all?

Federal Aviation Administration 21 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Practical Test Assessment Answer: 90% used a POA to a great to moderate extent in 2006 Not at all(1) Moderated extent(3) Great extent(5) Considerable extent(4) Limited extent(2)

Federal Aviation Administration 22 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Which portion of the practical test must be completed first, the ground or the flight? Ground Portion BEFORE Flight Portion

Federal Aviation Administration 23 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Did the examiner discuss the following during the preflight briefing ? Positive exchange of controls Procedures for an actual in-flight emergency Examiner methods to simulate an emergency Or, no preflight briefing given Practical Test Assessment

Federal Aviation Administration 24 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Practical Test Assessment Positive exchange of controls 73% Procedures for an actual in-flight emergency 57% Examiner methods to simulate an emergency 56% Or, no preflight briefing given 12% Did the examiner discuss the following during the preflight briefing ?

Federal Aviation Administration 25 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 WAS THE EVENT EVALUATED? NO! Preflight inspection - 11% Radio & ATC light signals - 11% Forward slip to a landing - 25% Go-around/rejected landing - 25% Spin awareness - 15% Lost procedures - 24% Systems and equipment malfunctions - 15% Emergency equipment / survival gear - 51% Night preparation - 48%

Federal Aviation Administration 26 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 WHEN MAY MANEUVERS BE REPEATED? DISCONTINUANCE OF THE MANEUVER VALID SAFETY REASON COLLISION AVOIDANCE MISUNDERSTOOD REQUESTS OTHER FACTORS NOT ADEQUATELY OBSERVED E, PG 5-8

Federal Aviation Administration 27 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 REPEATING MANEUVERS

Federal Aviation Administration 28 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 WERE YOU ASKED TO REPEAT THE EVENT? YES! Normal crosswind approach / landing 4% Short field approach / landing 7% Forward slip to a landing 4% Steep turns 10% S-turns 4% Turns around a point 5% Power-off stalls 5% Power-on stalls 6% Recovery from unusual flight attitudes 4%

Federal Aviation Administration 29 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 WHY DO WE USE SCENARIOS? One of the evaluators better tools for comprehensive testing Best tool to evaluate correlative abilities Good in evaluating pilot judgment, knowledge and skill

Federal Aviation Administration 30 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 EXAMINER RESPONSIBILITY Testing at the Highest Level ! Correlation Rote Understanding Application

Federal Aviation Administration 31 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 “USE OF THE PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS BOOK” WHEN MUST A TASK BE EVALUATED IN ITS ENTIRETY? ANY TASK SELECTED FOR EVALUATION DURING A PRACTICAL TEST SHALL BE EVALUATED IN ITS ENTIRETY!

Federal Aviation Administration 32 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining. 1. Basic VFR Weather Minimum - for all classes of airspace. 2. Airspace classes - their operating rules, pilot certification and airplane equipment requirements for the following: A, B, C, D, E, G 3.Special use airspace and other airspace areas. NOTE: 67% of all ATC violations are related to this TASK.

Federal Aviation Administration 33 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining. 1. Basic VFR Weather Minimum - for all classes of airspace. 2. Airspace classes - their operating rules, pilot certification and airplane equipment requirements for the following: A, B, C, D, E, G 3. Special use airspace and other airspace areas. HIDDEN

Federal Aviation Administration 34 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems on the airplane provided for the flight test by explaining at least three(3) of the following systems. 1. Primary flight controls and trim 2. Flaps, leading edge devices, and spoilers 3. Power plant. 4. Propeller 5. Landing gear 6. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic systems. 7. Electrical system. 8. Pitot-static system, vacuum/pressure system. 9. Environmental and anti-icing systems. 10. Deicing and anti-icing systems. 11. Avionics system.

Federal Aviation Administration 35 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 USE OF THE PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS BOOK SIMULATED EMERGENCIES USE THE SAFEST MEANS OF SIMULATION GOODGOOD JUDGEMENTJUDGEMENT

Federal Aviation Administration 36 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 SPECIAL EMPHASIS AREAS AREAS OF OPERATION CONSIDERED CRITICAL TO FLIGHT SAFETY

Federal Aviation Administration 37 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 POSITIVE AIRCRAFT CONTROL? HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THIS?

Federal Aviation Administration 38 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 POSITIVE EXCHANGE OF FLIGHT CONTROLS? HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THIS?

Federal Aviation Administration 39 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 STALL/SPIN AWARENESS HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THIS?

Federal Aviation Administration 40 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 COLLISION AVOIDANCE HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THIS?

Federal Aviation Administration 41 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 WAKE TURBULENCE AVOIDANCE HOW DO YOU EVALUATE THIS?

Federal Aviation Administration 42 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 LAND & HOLD SHORT OPERATIONS HOW DO YOU EVALUATE LAHSO?

Federal Aviation Administration 43 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 RUNWAY INCURSION AVOIDANCE EVALUATION TECHNIQUES?

Federal Aviation Administration 44 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Special Emphasis Areas – Runway Incursions Definition: A runway incursion is "any occurrence in the airport runway environment involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land."

Federal Aviation Administration 45 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Runway Incursion Hotspots

Federal Aviation Administration 46 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN The AN-24 was approaching a Cambodian mountain, covered in dense jungle, when the following communication took place: “We are flying at an altitude of 2000 feet.” (pilot) “You are flying too low. Given your current location, you should move to an altitude of 4000 feet.” (control tower, Sihanoukville) “It’s no problem; I am familiar with this area.” (pilot) EVALUATION TECHNIQUES?

Federal Aviation Administration 47 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN EVALUATION TECHNIQUES?

Federal Aviation Administration 48 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 AERONAUTICAL DECISION MAKING EVALUATION TECHNIQUES?

Federal Aviation Administration 49 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 CHECKLIST USAGE DESCRIBE HOW YOU EVALUATE THE APPLICANTS USE OF THE CHECKLIST?

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Federal Aviation Administration 51 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Practical Test Assessment Stall/Spin Awareness94% Positive Aircraft Control92% Checklist Usage91% Aeronautical Decision Making86% In-flight Collision Avoidance81% Please indicate the special emphasis areas that were evaluated by your examiner.

Federal Aviation Administration 52 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Practical Test Assessment Runway Incursion Avoidance71% Wake Turbulence Avoidance53% Land and Hold Short Operations42% Low Level Wind Shear31% Controlled Flight Into Terrain31% Please indicate the special emphasis areas that were evaluated by your examiner.

Federal Aviation Administration 53 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 “REQUIRED AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT” IS THE DA-42 CONSIDERED COMPLEX?

Federal Aviation Administration 54 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 “REQUIRED AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT” HOW MANY AND WHAT KIND OF INSTRUMENT APPROACHES ARE REQUIRED FOR AN INSTRUMENT RATING? THREE APPROACHES, ONE PRECISION AND TWO NON-PRECISION. IS AN RNAV APV/LPV APPROACH A PRECISION ON NON-PRECISION APPROACH? NON-PRECISION.

Federal Aviation Administration 55 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 “REQUIRED AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT” WHAT KIND OF MULTIENGINE AIRPLANE IS REQUIRED TO RECEIVE AN UNRESTRICTED INSTRUMENT RATING? A MULTIENGINE AIRPLANE WITH A PUBLISHED V MC.

Federal Aviation Administration 56 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 “REQUIRED AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT” HOW DO YOU TEST THE LOSS OF PRIMARY FLIGHT INSTRUMENT INDICATORS IN THIS AIRCRAFT?

Federal Aviation Administration 57 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS WHEN MUST A GPS APPROACH BE DEMONSTRATED ? MUST THE DATA BASE BE CURRENT?

Federal Aviation Administration 58 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 USE of FAA-Approved Flight Simulator or Flight Training Device WHEN CAN YOU USE A SIMULATOR FOR A PRACTICAL TEST? FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE?

Federal Aviation Administration 59 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Flight Instructor Practical Test Standards for Rotorcraft Helicopter & Gyroplane FAA-S A April 10, 2006 touchdown autorotations are no longer required. July 13, 2006 autorotations are required.

Federal Aviation Administration 60 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS WHEN CAN THE EXAMINER PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO THE APPLICANT DURING THE PRACTICAL TEST? THE EXAMINER MAY PERFORM AS AN AUTOPILOT (HOLD HEADING AND ALTITUDE) FOR AN INSTRUMENT HELICOPTER PRACTICAL TEST.

Federal Aviation Administration 61 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Federal Aviation Administration 62 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 SINGLE-PILOT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ATC FSS MAINTENANCE AUTOMATION DISPATCHERS

Federal Aviation Administration 63 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Practical Test Assessment Preflight Inspection 93% Engine Starting 97% Before Takeoff Check 99% Takeoff & Climb 52% Cruise 44% Descent 44% Please indicate the events for which you used a checklist.

Federal Aviation Administration 64 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Practical Test Assessment Please indicate the events for which you used a checklist. Approach and Landing65% Go-around 18% Emergency Approach and Landing55% After Landing81% Engine Shutdown85%

Federal Aviation Administration 65 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 General Aviation Accidents 2005

Federal Aviation Administration 66 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 General Aviation Accidents 2005 Major CauseAllFatal Pilot Mechanical/Maintenance23222 Other/Unknown12828 TOTAL NALL REPORT

Federal Aviation Administration 67 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Accident Trends and Factors 2005 Preflight – Total 4% Fatal 0.4% Takeoff/Climb – Total 15% Fatal 14% Fuel Mgt – Total 11% Fatal 8% Weather – Total 5% Fatal 14% Descent/Approach – Total 5% Fatal 10% Go-around – Total 4% Fatal 6% Maneuvering – Total 33% Fatal 44% Landing – Total 41% Fatal 3% 2006 NALL REPORT

Federal Aviation Administration 68 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Accident Category Explanation Takeoff/climb/landing - 57% of all accidents but only 17% of fatalities

Federal Aviation Administration 69 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Accident Category Explanation Weather – continued VFR flight into IMC 14% fatalities

Federal Aviation Administration 70 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Accident Category Explanation Descent/approach – high speed collisions with the ground, stall/spin 10% fatalities

Federal Aviation Administration 71 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 Accident Category Explanation Maneuvering = questionable pilot judgment, low passes, buzzing, high-risk = 44% fatalities

Federal Aviation Administration 72 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 ???????? ???????? WHAT CAN YOU DO TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS?

Federal Aviation Administration 73 PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS 2008 QUESTIONS??