1 DESIGN PRINCIPLES ( EAGD 2201) 6- ARCHITECTURAL COMPOSITION Prepaid by:

2 CONTENTS 1- REVIEW OF LAST LECTURE “ Architectural Form”. 2- ARCHITECTURE COMPOSITION. 3- FACTORS AFFECTING ARCH. COMPOSITION. 4- MAIN TYPES OF COMPOSITIONS. 5- ORDERING PRINCIPLES.

3 1- REVIEW OF LAST LECTURE - VISUAL PROPERTIES OF FORM. - REGULAR AND IRREGULAR FORMS. - THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM. - THE ORGANIZATION OF FORM. - THE ARTICULATION OF FORM.

4 2- ARCHITECTURE COMPOSITION Arch. Composition : – Organization of geometric elements in special pattern to achieve balance and to fulfill the aim of the composition. –Each architectural composition includes only one major element and subject. All additive elements are for the enforcement of the major element.

5 2- ARCHITECTURE COMPOSITION (Cont.) Methods to design an architectural composition : –Analytical method : Sequence from Public to private, from the Whole to the Parts, from the Mass to the Details. Means grouping predominant elements and giving a priority to them without going to the details. –Synthetic method : Sequence from the part to the whole starting from the analysis of elements and details to achieve the organization of the whole.

6 3- FACTORS AFFECTING ARCH. COMPOSITION –Objective : physical, social, economic, science, etc. –Subjective : Depends on the skill of the designer and his /her ability in design.

7 4- MAIN TYPES OF COMPOSITIONS Compositions with interior space only. Compositions without an interior space. Compositions with an interior and exterior space. Composition with volumes and open spaces.

8 4- MAIN TYPES OF COMPOSITIONS (Cont.) –A- COMPOSITIONS WITH INTERIOR SPACE ONLY : Underground architecture. In early times was represented in caves, temples, tombs and nowadays in metro stations and other underground structures. Connection with ground level with special treatment. Example : metro stations, the Louvre. Structural difficulties should not restrict creative solutions.

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11 4- MAIN TYPES OF COMPOSITIONS (Cont.) B- COMPOSITIONS WITHOUT AN INTERIOR SPACE : –Structural compositions : Dams, Bridges, Sea ports, Waves breakers, etc. –Architectural compositions : Fences, Fountains, Monumental structures, Triumphal arches, etc.

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13 4- MAIN TYPES OF COMPOSITIONS (Cont.) C- COMPOSITIONS AN INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR SPACES : The most familiar compositions and consists of two aspects: –1- INTERIOR SPACE: Primary spaces : primary and major functions. Secondary spaces: services and accessory spaces Communication spaces : passageways, galleries, stairs, lifts, escalators, etc.

14 INTERIOR SPACE ( cont. ): - There are many schemes for the configuration of interior compositions: - One space composition - Central composition - Linear composition - Radial composition - Clustered composition - Grid composition - Composite composition.

15 2- Exterior architectural composition: –Simple com. : composed from one volume only Standing Recumbent –Complicated com. : L, U, T, H and other shapes. –According to exposure could be classified: Frontal surface composition Composition with frontal space Free volume composition.

16 4- MAIN TYPES OF COMPOSITIONS (Cont.) D- Composition with volumes and open spaces : – Planned compositions –Unplanned compositions Ensemble : Architectural ensemble is a group of buildings with the environment around, planned spatially and functionally with a special character.

17 5- ORDERING PRINCIPLES AXIS SYMMETRY UNITY HIERARCHY RHYTHM / REPETITION DATUM DOMINANCY EQUILBRIUM SCALE AND PROPORTION

Dr. Nihad Almughany- Design Principles- 2nd sem AXIS

19 SYMMETRY

20 HIERARCHY

Dr. Nihad Almughany- Design Principles- 2nd sem DATUM

22 REPETITION

23 RHYTHM

24 UNITY

25 DOMINANCY