1 Anatomy for Sport and Exercise Blood

2 Learning Outcomes By the end of this session you should be able to:- Identify the functions of blood Identify the functions of blood Identify the components of blood and their specific functions Identify the components of blood and their specific functions

3 Blood ‘River of Life’ ‘River of Life’ Average adult has Average adult has 4-5 litres of blood 4-5 litres of blood

4 Functions of blood There are three main functions of blood: There are three main functions of blood: 1. Transportation – O 2, CO 2, Hormones 2. Regulation – Body temp, pH, volume 3. Protection – blood clotting, antibodies

5 Constituents of Blood Plasma Plasma Red blood cells Red blood cells White blood cells White blood cells Platelets Platelets

6 Composition of Blood 1. Plasma Proteins (7%) (55%) Other Solutes (1%) Water (92%) Water (92%) Formed Elements Red blood cells (99.9%) Formed Elements Red blood cells (99.9%) (45%) White blood cells Platelets Platelets 1%

7 Blood consists of formed elements (living cells) that are suspended in fluid called plasma Blood consists of formed elements (living cells) that are suspended in fluid called plasma The diagram below illustrates what occurs when blood is spun in a centrifuge: The diagram below illustrates what occurs when blood is spun in a centrifuge: Plasma (55% of whole blood) Erythrocytes - red blood cells (45% of whole blood) Leucocytes (white blood cells) and platelets (<1% of whole blood) Formed elements

8 Plasma Straw coloured fluid Straw coloured fluid Makes up 55% of blood volume Makes up 55% of blood volume Approx 90% of plasma is water Approx 90% of plasma is water Contains dissolved substances: Contains dissolved substances: Salts Salts Glucose and fatty acids Glucose and fatty acids Blood proteins Blood proteins Waste products Waste products Enzymes and hormones Enzymes and hormones Gases Gases

9 Formed Elements Red blood cells Red blood cells White blood cells White blood cells Platelets Platelets

10 Red Blood Cells RBC’s / Erythrocytes RBC’s / Erythrocytes Contain HAEMOGLOBIN – Oxygen carrier Contain HAEMOGLOBIN – Oxygen carrier Carry oxygen around the body Carry oxygen around the body Biconcave discs just small enough to pass through a capillary Biconcave discs just small enough to pass through a capillary Produced in red bone marrow Produced in red bone marrow Lifespan of 120 days Lifespan of 120 days Millions in single drop of blood Millions in single drop of blood The amount of RBC found in blood when it is spun is known as haematocrit The amount of RBC found in blood when it is spun is known as haematocrit

11 White Blood Cells WBC’s / Leukocytes WBC’s / Leukocytes Larger than erythrocytes, but less in number Larger than erythrocytes, but less in number 5 different types: 5 different types: Lymphocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes Monocytes Neutrophils Neutrophils Basophils Basophils Eosinophils Eosinophils

12 White Blood Cells (cont) All 5 types have basically same function – to protect the body from infection All 5 types have basically same function – to protect the body from infection

13 Platelets Thrombocytes Thrombocytes Transport chemicals that are important in the clotting process Transport chemicals that are important in the clotting process Form blood clots Form blood clots Stick together at sites of cuts etc and encourage growth of fibres Stick together at sites of cuts etc and encourage growth of fibres Red cells become trapped in fibres to form a scab Red cells become trapped in fibres to form a scab Prevent blood loss and entry of bacteria Prevent blood loss and entry of bacteria

14 Haemoglobin V Myoglobin Myo = Muscles Myo = Muscles Haemoglobin is the oxygen carrier in the blood Haemoglobin is the oxygen carrier in the blood Myoglobin is similar to haemoglobin, but is found in the muscle, so again is an oxygen carrier Myoglobin is similar to haemoglobin, but is found in the muscle, so again is an oxygen carrier

15 Key Terms Myo – Muscle - Myoglobin Myo – Muscle - Myoglobin Cyte – Cell - Leukocyte Cyte – Cell - Leukocyte Haem – Blood - Haemoglobin Haem – Blood - Haemoglobin Erythro – Red - Erythrocyte Erythro – Red - Erythrocyte Leuko – White - Leukocyte Leuko – White - Leukocyte Thromb – Clot - Thrombosis Thromb – Clot - Thrombosis An – Without – Anaemia An – Without – Anaemia Haematrocrit – Separated RBC Haematrocrit – Separated RBC

16 Learning Outcomes By the end of this session you should be able to:- Identify the functions of blood Identify the functions of blood Identify the components of blood and their specific functions Identify the components of blood and their specific functions