Compete revision sheet

Allele= One member of a pair or series of genes that occupy a specific position on a specific chromosome Dominant = gene that produces the same phenotype in the organism whether or not its allele identical; "the dominant gene for brown eyes" Recessive = gene that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its allele is identical; "the recessive gene for blue eyes" Genotype = refers to the genetic material within a cell. Phenotype = an organisms observable traits/ physical features.

Which of the following phenotypes do you think are inherited through a dominant gene?

Is the basic unit of hereditary. Genes are made up of DNA that contains instructions in a coded form. When these instructions are decoded they are expressed as a phenotype. Q. What are the three bases that make up the coded instructions?

Is the study of how genes bring about characteristics, or traits, in living things and how those characteristics are inherited. Genes are portions of DNA molecules that determine characteristics of living things. Through the processes of meiosis and reproduction, genes are transmitted from one generation to the next. All characteristics are controlled by a minimum of 2 genes. (one from mum one from dad)

The offspring of sexual reproduction obtain one gene of each type from each parent. The different forms of a gene are called alleles. The set of all genes that specify an organism's traits is known as the organism's genome.

The genome for a human cell consists of about 100,000 genes. The gene composition of a living organism is its genotype. e.g. For a person's earlobe shape, the genotype may consist of two genes for attached earlobes, or two genes for free earlobes, or one gene for attached and one gene for free earlobes.

Dominant = gene that produces the same phenotype in the organism whether or not its allele identical; "the dominant gene for brown eyes" Recessive = gene that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its allele is identical; "the recessive gene for blue eyes" The expressed gene is said to be dominant over the unexpressed gene, which is described as recessive.

The expression of the genes is referred to as the phenotype of a living thing. e.g. If a person has attached earlobes, the phenotype is “attached earlobes.” If the person has free earlobes, the phenotype is “free earlobes.” Even though three genotypes for earlobe shape are possible, only two phenotypes (attached earlobes and free earlobes) are possible.

a type of grid that indicates all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross and can be used to determine probabilities of offspring inheriting certain characteristics for specific traits.

Pedigree charts a diagram that illustrates the inheritance pattern of characteristics for specific traits in a family tree and can be used to determine the probability of certain offspring in different generations having particular characteristics for those traits.

Beta thalassemia Beta thalassemia is a blood disorder that reduces the production of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to cells throughout the body. In people with beta thalassemia, low levels of haemoglobin lead to a lack of oxygen in many parts of the body. Affected individuals also have a shortage of red blood cells (anaemia), which can cause pale skin, weakness, fatigue, and more serious complications. People with beta thalassemia are at an increased risk of developing abnormal blood clots. Beta thalassemia occurs most frequently in people from Mediterranean countries, North Africa, the Middle East, India, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. Thalassemia put in Anastasia video

Mutations in the HBB gene cause beta thalassemia. The HBB gene provides instructions for making a protein called beta- globin. Beta-globin is a component (subunit) of haemoglobin. Is inherited by a recessive process which means both mutated genes need to be present for an individual to show any symptoms of Beta thalassemia. You can be a carrier if you have one gene.

You are to research an inherited disease. You must include the following. Name of disease Is it recessive or dormant? Can you name the gene that causes the disease What are the signs and symptoms of this disease Is there any research in fixing this this disease? Are there any organisations that raise money to help individuals as well as research with this disease?

Which of the following phenotypes do you think are inherited through a dominant gene?