Unit 9

Section A Warming up

light bulb When were they invented?

watch

microwave oven

alarm clock

Listening (1b: P68) 1876 年

1885 年

1927 年

1971 年

1976 年

Sample dialogues: A: When was the telephone invented? B: I think it was invented in A: When was the car invented? B: I think it was invented in I think it was invented after the telephone. Sample dialogues: A: When was the telephone invented? B: I think it was invented in A: When was the car invented? B: I think it was invented in I think it was invented after the telephone. Pairwork (1c:P68) Pairwork (1c:P68)

C: I don’t think so. I think it was invented in 1873, so it was invented before the telephone. C: I don’t think so. I think it was invented in 1873, so it was invented before the telephone. D: I don’t agree. I think it was invented in 1885 and it was invented after the telephone. D: I don’t agree. I think it was invented in 1885 and it was invented after the telephone.

Listening (2a, 2b: P69) 312

scooping really cold ice cream scooping really cold ice cream shoes with adjustable heels Jayce Coziar and Jamie Ellsworth changing the style of the shoes battery-operated snakers Julie Thompson seeing in the dark heated ice cream scoop Lanmon Chelsea

Oral Practice (2c: P69) Sentence pattern: What is it / are they used for? Who was it / were they invented by? It is / They are used for... It was / They were invented by... Sentence pattern: What is it / are they used for? Who was it / were they invented by? It is / They are used for... It was / They were invented by...

Sample dialogues: A: What is this? B: This is a heated ice cream scoop. A: What is it used for? B: It is used for scooping really cold ice cream. A: Who was it invented by? B: It was invented by Chelsea Lanmon.

Grammar Focus (P69) The passive voice 被动语态 在被动语态的句子中, 谓语部分 的结构是 be + 过去分词。被动语态 的句子的时态变化反映在 be 动词上。 也就是说, 把一个句子做成被 动语态的句子, 只需要写出 be 动词 的所需时态, 再加上所给动词 The passive voice 被动语态 在被动语态的句子中, 谓语部分 的结构是 be + 过去分词。被动语态 的句子的时态变化反映在 be 动词上。 也就是说, 把一个句子做成被 动语态的句子, 只需要写出 be 动词 的所需时态, 再加上所给动词

的过去分词就行了。当然, 这只是指 谓语部分而言。我们知道, be 动词作 为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在 分词 (being) 和过去分词 (been) 。那 么, 下面我们来看看 be 在各种时态中 的变化形式：

一般现在时 am / is / are 一般过去时 was / were 一般将来时 shall / will + be 过去将来时 would / should + be 现在进行时 am / is / are + being 过去进行时 was / were + being 现在完成时 have / has + been 过去完成时 had + been

1. 世界上许多国家都讲英文。 English is spoken in many countries all over the world. 2. 纸是中国发明的。 Paper was invented in China. 3. 这栋大楼是去年建造的。 The building was built last year. 1. 世界上许多国家都讲英文。 English is spoken in many countries all over the world. 2. 纸是中国发明的。 Paper was invented in China. 3. 这栋大楼是去年建造的。 The building was built last year. Make sentences

4. 他父亲不会让他娶玛丽为妻的。 He won’t be allowed, by his father, to marry Mary. 5. 他们结束训练时将被派往部队。 They would be sent to the army when they finished the training. 4. 他父亲不会让他娶玛丽为妻的。 He won’t be allowed, by his father, to marry Mary. 5. 他们结束训练时将被派往部队。 They would be sent to the army when they finished the training. 6. 这个计划正在执行中。 The project is being carried out. 6. 这个计划正在执行中。 The project is being carried out.

8. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。 This novel has been translated into several languages. 7. 那时这案子正在调查中。 The case was being investigated then. 9. 他们说生产成本已经下降了。 They said that production costs had been reduced. 9. 他们说生产成本已经下降了。 They said that production costs had been reduced.

Pairwork (3a:P70) Helpful inventions: vacuum cleaner, soundproof door and window, car, computer, fax machine Annoying inventions: air-conditioner, truck, telephone, junk food, ice cream Helpful inventions: vacuum cleaner, soundproof door and window, car, computer, fax machine Annoying inventions: air-conditioner, truck, telephone, junk food, ice cream

Sentence pattern: What is this in the picture? What is it used for? Do you think it is helpful / annoying? Sentence pattern: What is this in the picture? What is it used for? Do you think it is helpful / annoying?

Dialogue 1: A: What is this? Dialogue 1: A: What is this?

B: It is an alarm clock. A: What is it used for? B: It is used for waking people up in the morning. A: Do you think it is annoying? B: Sometimes, when I want to go on sleep. B: It is an alarm clock. A: What is it used for? B: It is used for waking people up in the morning. A: Do you think it is annoying? B: Sometimes, when I want to go on sleep.

Dialogue 2: A: What is this? Dialogue 2: A: What is this?

B: It is a light bulb. A: What is it used for? B: It is used for giving light. A: Do you think it is helpful? B: Yes, I think so. Because I always do homework and read books in the evening by its light. B: It is a light bulb. A: What is it used for? B: It is used for giving light. A: Do you think it is helpful? B: Yes, I think so. Because I always do homework and read books in the evening by its light.

Dialogue 3: A: What is this? Dialogue 3: A: What is this?

B: It is a microwave oven. A: What is it used for? B: It is used for heating cold food and cooking meals. A: Do you think it is helpful? B: It is a microwave oven. A: What is it used for? B: It is used for heating cold food and cooking meals. A: Do you think it is helpful? B: Yes, I think so. Because my parents are very busy and I can use it to cook meals by myself. B: Yes, I think so. Because my parents are very busy and I can use it to cook meals by myself.

Dialogue 1: A: What do you think is the most helpful invention? B: I think the most helpful invention is the vacuum cleaner. Pairwork (4:P70)

A: Why is that? B: Well, it can help me clean the floor when mother asks me to do the cleaning.

Dialogue 2: A: What do you think is the most annoying invention? B: I think the most annoying invention is the air-conditioner. A: Why is that?

B: Well, I feel uncomfortable in the room with an air-conditioner.

A: What do you think are the most annoying or helpful inventions? B: I think the truck is the most annoying invention and the soundproof door and window is the most helpful invention. Dialogue 3:

soundproof door and window

A: Why is that? B: The trucks always make noises and people can’t sleep well. If they have the soundproof door and window, people needn’t worry about the noises anymore.

Groupwork (4: P70) What would you do if you are alone on a tiny island?

A: I’d like to have some matches because I could light a fire to keep warm. B: Yes, but that’s not going to help you leave the island. I think it would be better to have a cell phone. Dialogue 1:

A: I’d like to have a telescope because I could look far. B: Yes, but that’s not going to help you leave the island. I think it would be better to have a signal lamp. Dialogue 2:

What is invention? An invention is a new thing that someone has made.

When was it invented?

英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态 (The Active Voice) 和被动语态 (The Passive Voice) 。主动语态中，主语是 谓语动作的执行者，被动语态中，主语 是谓语动作的承受者。 被动语态的构成： be + 及物动词的过去 分词 被动语态 (The Passive Voice)

一般现在时态的被动语态： am / is / are + p.p 一般过去时态的被动语态： was / were + p.p 一般将来时态的被动语态： will be + p.p 现在完成时态的被动语态： have / has been + p.p 现在进行时态的被动语态： am / is / are being + p.p 过去完成时态的被动语态： had been + p.p 含有情态动词的被动语态： can / may / must…be + p.p

主动句变被动句的方式： 主动句： 主语 + 及物动词谓语 + 宾语 被动句： 主语 + be + 过去分词 + by 宾语 Our teacher loves her students. Her students are loved by our teacher.

请把下列主动句变为被动句 : They produced that kind of car. The workers built a bridge over the river. Mother tells me a story every day. That kind of car was produced by them. A bridge was built by the workers over the river. I am told a story by Mother every day.

What order do you think they were invented? Number them[1—5]

Listen and match the inventions with the dates. a b c e

When was the telephone invented? I think it was invented in 1876.

Listen and number the inventions in the order you hear them

Listen again and match the items in columns A, B and C.

be used for 被动语态, “ 被用来做 ……” 。介词 for 表目的用途, 可接名词或动名词形式。 e.g. The woolen sweater is used for keeping warm. 毛衣是用来保暖的。 Explanation:

car / 1885 / Henry Ford / travel fast fridge / 1862 / Harrison / keep food fresh washing machine / 1858 / Smith / wash clothes

Explanation: 1. annoying adj. 讨厌的, 恼人的 ( 往往指事 物 ) e.g. How annoying it is! 真讨厌。 annoyed adj. 生气的, 恼怒的 ( 往往指人 ) e.g. My father is annoyed with me. 爸爸在生我气。

Explanation: 2. helpful adj. 有帮助的, 有益的 e.g. Mr. White is a very helpful man. 构词法： n + ful → adj 再如 : use + ful → useful thank + ful → thankful beauty+ ful → beautiful care + ful → careful

microwave oven alarm clock light bulb

Discuss:

I think the most helpful invention is… I’d like to have a…because I could… It’s used for… I also want a…because it…

Exercises: 句型转换 1. She was seen to come out of the library by him. （变为主动语态） He _____ _____ ______ out of the library. 2. When are trees often planted. （变为主动语态） When ____ people often _____ ______? 3. The League was founded in Guangzhou in （就画线部分提问） ______ _____ ______ ______ the League _______? saw her come plant tree do When and where was founded

Exercises: 句型转换 4. Did the students wear the school clothes a lot? （变为被动语态） ______ the school clothes ______ a lot? 5. Kate took good care of the baby yesterday evening. （变为被动语态） The baby ______ ______ good care of ______ Kate yesterday evening. was taken by Wereworn

sour, sweet lemon ice cream sweet

tea potato chips crispy, salty

Listen and circle “T” or “F”.

1b Listen and complete the sentences. 1.A: I’d like to _______ outside. B: You could help clean ______ the city parks. 2. A: I’d like to ______ homeless people. B: You could give _______ food at the food bank. 3. A: I’d like to cheer ______ sick kids. B: You could ______ them in the hospital. 4. A: I’d like to help kids _______ their schoolwork. B: You could __________ in an after-school study program. up work help out up visit with volunteer

Explanation: Mistake 作名词 “ 错误，误会 ” 。也可以作动词 “ 弄错，犯 错 ” 。常见形式： make a mistake 出错 e.g. You have made a mistake here. 你这儿犯了一个错误。 mistake…for… 错把 …… 当作 …… They mistook him for his brother. 他们错把他认作他的兄弟。 by mistake 错误地 e.g. They sent the letter to me by mistake. 他们误把那封信送到了我这儿。

Answer: 根据答案写问题。 1. Q: _______________________ The stove was invented in Q: _____________________ The Wright brothers invented the airplane. 3. Q: ______________________________ The washing machine is used for washing for washing clothes. 4. Q: ___________________________________ The washing machine was invented by Fisher. 5. Q: ___________________________ The helicopter was invented in When was the stove invented? Who invented the airplane? What is the washing machine used for? Who was the washing machine invented by? When was the helicopter invented?

Read and answer: 1. What is the article about? 2. When was it invented? 3. Who was it invented by? 4. How was it invented? The article is about the invention of tea. It was invented over three thousand years ago. It was invented by the Chinese emperor, Shen Nong. It was invented by accident.

1. by accident 偶然地，碰巧 与 by chance 同义。 e.g. X-rays first discovered by a German scientist, William Konrad Rontgen, in 1895, almost by accident. X 射线是 1895 德国科学家威廉、康拉 德，伦琴几乎是在碰巧的情况下首先发现的。 2. according to “ 根据 ……” 是一介词短语 e.g. According to the papers, there was a big fire in London. 据报道，伦敦发生了火灾。 Explanation:

3. not…until “ 直到 …… 才 …… ” 用于 not…until 结构中的主句谓语多为短暂性动 词。 e.g. We didn’t finish the work until yesterday evening. 我们昨天晚上才做完这项工作。 注： until 的主句中也可以用延续性动词，此时 until 不与 not 连用，表示 “ 直到 …… 为止 ” 。 e.g. I will wait until he returns. 我将等到他回来。 Explanation:

Read and answer: 1. Who invented flying disks? 2. When were they invented? 3. What did the college students use for flying disks? 4. Where were the metal pie plates from? 5. How were the flying disks invented? College students invented flying disks. They were invented in 1950s. They use metal pie plates for flying disks. They were from a bakery Bridgeport, Connecticut. The college students ate pies and then threw pie plates.

Writing: Problemwriting tests New invention a pen that listens and writes Uselisten and write instead of you Price100 yuan each

Fill in the blanks: sweet salty sour crispy

动词填空： 1. The TV __________ (invent) around They are used for _______ (see) in the park. 3. This kite _________ (make) by Uncle Wang. 4. Tea ___________ (discover) a long time ago. 5. Our classroom _________________ (should clean) every day. was invented seeing was made was discovered should be cleaned

根据汉语完成句子： 1. _______ _______ the computer ________ ( 什么时 候发明的 ) ？ 2. ________ was the car ________ _______ ( 谁发明 的 ) ？ 3. A pen _____ ______ ______ ( 用来做 ) writing. 4. What do you think is _____ ______ ______ _______ ( 最有帮助的发明 ) ？ 5. He said the fish was ______ _______ ( 足够咸 ). When was is used for invention the most salty enough Whoinvented by invented helpful

找出下列短语 1. 周游中国 ＿＿＿＿＿ _______ 2. 一个叫 James Naismith 的加拿大医生 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. 在室内玩 ＿＿＿＿＿＿ 4. 在长长的冬天期间 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 5. 在坚硬的木制地板上 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 6. 撞在某人身上 ＿＿＿＿＿＿ travel around China a Canadian doctor named James Naismith play indoors during the long winters on a hard wooden floor knock into sb.

Answer the questions: 1. Who invented basketball? 2. Why were the Berlin Olympics important for basketball? 3. What is the aim of basketball? 4. Name a professional basketball organization in American? James Naismith. It was the first time basketball was played as an Olympic event. To get the ball into the goop. The Naismith Basketball Association. (NBA)