Enlightened monarchs of the eighteenth century supported all of the following EXCEPT Religious tolerance Increased economic productivity Pacifist foreign policy Administrative reform Secular technical education

Edmund Burke Reflections on the Revolution of France (1790) – defends conservatism Said inherited privileges were good Predicted tumultuous time after the revolution

Thomas Paine – Rights of Man Defended enlightenment principles Saw liberty triumph over despotism of Europe Here is where leaders begin to become concerned

Jacobins – became wildly radical, wanted total end to monarchy and establishment of a republic (What does this look like?) Cordeliers – like Jacobins, but radical from beginning Feuillants – more conservative, favored limited monarchy

New Cons. Nat’l Assembly follows laissez-faire, ends guilds, ends restrictions on trade War declared on France when emigres move flee France France declares war on Austria

“second revolution” Paris Commune – Revolutionary gov. set up Led September Massacres – mobs slaughter aristocrats, bourgeoisie, priests

Guillotine

Robespierre - Committee of Public Safety Jan 1793 - radicals win debate and decide to execute king! begins Reign of Terror

The term "Great Fear" refers to   A. the horiffic retreat of the French Army from Russia in 1812. B. murder of thousands of enemies of the Revolution in the prisons. C. panic in the countryside that fanned the flames of rebellion. D. the fear of an English invasion of France. E. use of the guillotine during the Reign of Terror

Sans Culottes -Lower class revolutionaries who wore trousers rather than the knee britches -become face of Paris Commune under new Const.

Jacques Herbert Led Herbertistes - super radical, intentionally drowned 2,000 in Nantes

Thermidorian Reaction Ends Reign of Terror Assertion of conservatism gets rid of Committee of Public Safety and Jacobins

The Directory! Five member executive branch to govern France In constitution (1795) Middle class controls gov’t -- Why is this an issue?

Rise of Napoleon Constitutional provision states that 2/3 from nat’l convention would be in new government Upper class rebels, Napoleon helps to put it down Up to this point, he had a military leader

Results of Rev. Nationalism Everyone hates France (kind of) Rise of Napoleon

For the French peasants, the Revolution of 1789 meant?: A. A general movement from the countryside to urban areas B. Greater landownership C. few, if any, land gains D. An end to forced conscription in the army E. Significant political power  

Women + the Enlightenment/French Rev.

Enlightenment Theories help women – practical? Salons Many women began to publish

Mary Wollstonecraft Vindication of the Rights of Women Didn’t want equality, wanted education – why? Built on Locke’s beliefs

French Rev. March to Versailles, brought royals to Paris “Marianne” – Personification of French Republic Women gained little, still couldn’t hold property

Declaration of the Rights of Women We’ve read it Olympe de Gouges