Tikanga Hau: The Spirit of the Gift Manuka Henare Mira Szászy Research Centre Graduate School of Enterprise The University of Auckland Business School New Zealand today - Future Directions Philanthropy NZ Seminar Soundings Theatre Te Papa Museum, Wellington 28 March 2007

Māori Futures Context of 3 phenomena Context of 3 phenomena Acceleration of Te Tiriti/Crown settlement process – new resources available for sustainable economic & social development Acceleration of Te Tiriti/Crown settlement process – new resources available for sustainable economic & social development Significant increase of Māori in the labour market Significant increase of Māori in the labour market Dramatic rise of small & medium enterprise start-ups over the last 10 years Dramatic rise of small & medium enterprise start-ups over the last 10 years By 2021 est. Māori to comprise 28% of population & 19% of young workforce By 2021 est. Māori to comprise 28% of population & 19% of young workforce Evidence of 1,000+ years of business experience – culminated in dramatic tribal changes, business developments during C19th Evidence of 1,000+ years of business experience – culminated in dramatic tribal changes, business developments during C19th Observe the shift from a supply driven economy to a demand economy – subsistence to international economy Observe the shift from a supply driven economy to a demand economy – subsistence to international economy Raymond Firth observed Māori ability - “intelligent anticipation of future needs” & “economic forethought” Raymond Firth observed Māori ability - “intelligent anticipation of future needs” & “economic forethought” These phenomena will shape the future of Māori and NZ society These phenomena will shape the future of Māori and NZ society

Māori Futures 4 well-beings & increased productivity – 4 well-beings & increased productivity – economic, social, cultural & environmental economic, social, cultural & environmental Human capital, social capital, cultural capital; spiritual capital Human capital, social capital, cultural capital; spiritual capital Sustainable communities Sustainable communities Leadership & Strategic leadership; Corporate governance (Hui Taumata) Leadership & Strategic leadership; Corporate governance (Hui Taumata) Climate change – human factors – behavioural change Climate change – human factors – behavioural change Doing more with less Doing more with less Diversity in the workplace Diversity in the workplace Ethical investments Ethical investments

Tikanga hau: the Spirit of the Gift “Ko te hau o tō taonga” Tamati Ranapiri (Ngāti Raukawa) 1907 Tamati Ranapiri (Ngāti Raukawa) 1907 “Na, ko taua taonga i hōmai nei ki a au, ko te hau tēnā o tō taonga i hōmai rā ki a au i mua.” Now the valuable, which was given to me, is the life force of your gift given to me earlier. The spirit power and the vital essence embodied in person and transmitted to their gifts or anything considered valuable (taonga ).

A B C Ko te hau o te taonga

Māori philosophy & philanthropy Ahakoa he iti kete, he iti nā te aroha Ahakoa he iti kete, he iti nā te aroha Altho the basket is small, it is given with affectionate regard Altho the basket is small, it is given with affectionate regard It is the thought behind the gift, not its material value that counts It is the thought behind the gift, not its material value that counts Ahakoa iti, he pounamu Ahakoa iti, he pounamu Altho small, it is greenstone Altho small, it is greenstone The intention gives value to even a small gift The intention gives value to even a small gift

Māori philosophy & philanthropy He taura taonga e motu, He taura taonga e motu, he taura tangata e kore e motu A gift chain may break but not a human link A gift chain may break but not a human link Tribes establish regular gift exchange based on local commodities or products, aim to establish alliances and relationships Tribes establish regular gift exchange based on local commodities or products, aim to establish alliances and relationships

Maori Futures Social & economic innovation Social & economic innovation Social innovation the most difficult Social innovation the most difficult Economic innovation – more businesses, more productivity Economic innovation – more businesses, more productivity sustainable futures sustainable tribes sustainable futures sustainable tribes