 Human Resources  Sales and Marketing  Research and Development  Production/Operations  Customer Service  Finance and Accounts  Administration and IT

 Recruitment and retention  Job descriptions  Person Specifications  Dismissal  Redundancy  Motivation  Professional development and training  Health and safety and conditions at work  Liaison with trade unions

Hierarchical Structure Managing Director Sales Director Marketing Director Finance Director ABCD Market Research Strategy Purchasing Manager Sales Manager Accounts Manager

MD Middle Management Workers Pyramidal Structure Senior Management

MD FinanceProductionSalesMarketingR&D Centralised/Entrepreneurial

Sales Marketing Production Accounts Collaborative

Marketing Sales Production Finance R&D Circular/Flat

Project Marketing R&D Sales Finance HR Production Matrix Structure

 Changes to business structures  Linked to new thinking on leadership and management  Less hierarchical  Emphasis on communication and collaboration between sections  Global businesses – more complex structures