Heart Anatomy

Contents Cardiac Chambers Structure of the Heart Conduction System Pericardium External morphology Position Vessels of the Heart

Lies within the pericardium in middle mediastinum Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6 In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8 A third of it lies to the right of median plan and 2/3 to the left Position of the heart

one apex, one base, two surfaces three borders three grooves External morphology

Atria Auricles

Posterior Interventricular Sulcus Anterior Interventricular Sulcus

Left Ventricle Right Ventricle

right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle Cardiac chambers

Chambers of the Heart

Right atrium

Pectinate Muscle

Right ventricle tricuspid valve

Left atrium

Trabeculae carneae Papillary muscles

 Left ventricle mitral valve

Left ventricle ※ the papillary muscles(2 groups) inflow and outflow tracts (divided by the ant.cusp of the bicuspid valves)

Heart Valves Bicuspid (mitral) valve Aortic valve Pulmonary valve Tricuspid valve

Semilunar valve Ventricle diastole Ventricle systole

Tricuspid valve & mitral valve tricuspid valve mitral valve

bicuspid tricuspid

Ventricle diastole or systole ? 想一想 …

Ventricle diastole or systole ? 想一想 …

the walls of the heart 3 layers — endocardium *continue with the lining of the large blood vessels — myocardium *2 kinds: the ordinary cardiac muscles the specially m. — epicardium Septum interatrial septum ----Oval fossa interventricular septum ----Membranous part Structure of the heart

Structure the walls of the heart 3 layers —endocardium *continue with the lining of the large blood vessels —myocardium *2 kinds: the ordinary cardiac muscles the specially m. — epicardium Septum interatrial septum ----Oval fossa interventricular septum ----Membranous part

Atria Septum Ventricles

Left ventricle

It is consists of the special cardiac muscles 5 parts: Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node, Atrio-ventricular bundle Left and right branches Purkinje fibers. Conduction System

— The sinoatrial node (SAN) *It is lies the junction between the right auricle and the sup.vena cava — The atrioventricular node (AVN) *It is lies in the lower portion of the interatrial septum just above the orifice of the coronary sinus — Purkinje fibers

Electrocardiogram

The arteries the left coronary a. the right coronary a. The veins of the heart the coronary sinus the ant. cardiac v. the smallest v. Vessels of Heart

Coronary arteries

left coronary a. right coronary a.

The arteries The left coronary a.  arises from the left aortic sinus  2 branches: ant.interventricular br. and circumflex br.  To supply the left atrium, left ventricle, the anterior surface of the right ventricle,anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum,sometimes, supply the SAN and AVN.

The right coronary a.  arise from the right aortic sinus and runs along the right portion of the coronary groove  2 branches: post interventricular branch post branch of the left venticle  To supply right atrium, right ventriclepost. 1/3 of the interventricular septum, the diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle,the SAN and AVN. The arteries

Catheter

Coronary stent 冠状动脉支架

coronary artery bypass graft 冠状动脉搭桥术

Heart transplant

Artificial Heart 人工心脏

The arteries The coronary sinus It lies in the post.portion of the coronary sulcus between the left atrium and left ventricle. It opens into the right atrium. It receives:the great cardiac v.,the middle cardiac v. and small cardiac v. The ant. cardiac v. The smallest v.

Coronary sinus

Coronary Sulcus

1. It comprises 2 sacs: fibrous pericardium serous pericardium: parietal layer visceral layer 2.The pericardial cavity: the transverse sinus the oblique sinus Pericardium

1. It comprises 2 sacs: fibrous pericardium serous pericardium: parietal layer visceral layer 2.The pericardial cavity: the transverse sinus the oblique sinus

Pericardium 1. It comprises 2 sacs: fibrous pericardium serous pericardium: parietal layer visceral layer 2.The pericardial cavity: the transverse sinus the oblique sinus

the transverse sinus the oblique sinus

思考题： 试述心的位置和体表投影 试述心的外形及心腔分部 心腔内面能观察到哪些结构？ 使心腔血液定向流动的结构有哪些？ 试述控制心跳节律的结构基础 试述心的血液供应