pt pt QUOTES TERMS TRUE or FALSE APLIED ETHICS FALLACIES 1000

He said, “I think therefore I am”

Rene Descartes

He said, “Man is born free and everywhere in chains.”

Rousseau

He said, “Without the rule of law, the life of man would be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”

Hobbes

He said, “It is better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.”

Mill

He said, “A guilty conscience needs to confess. A work of art is a confession.”

Camus

Refers to the notion that for each effect there is a cause, which itself must be caused, therefore there is no free will.

Determinism

A philosophy of absolute freedom and always having a choice

Existentialism

According to Descartes, these lead to error. Emotions and judgements are examples of these.

Volitions

Locke’s epistemological theory that without a perceiver there are no secondary qualities, but there are primary qualities

Scientific Essentialism

The concept that numbers and equations guide our lives; often attributed to Pythagoras

Numerology

Saying, “I know that the sun will come up because the sun has come up every previous morning.” Is an example of inductive reasoning.

True

A tautology is true all of the time, but a contradiction is never true.

True

Aristotle said that there is a purpose to all things and thus things ought to pursue their purpose. He called this Telos

True

Idols of the Tribe are one of the things that Francis Bacon noted as a hindrance to scientific methods.

True

Kierkegaard did not think that emotions and faith were valid ways of knowing.

False

I will not steal, because my call to care prevents me from taking from another as it is ignoring their needs.

Care and Relationship Ethics

I will give candy to my friends because the pleasure they derive from getting candy is greater than the pain created by the cost to me.

Utilitarianism

I will strive to be courageous because it is a virtue. Thus I will avoid the vice of rashness and the vice of cowardice.

Aristotle

I cannot steal because the maxim of the action cannot be universally applied.

Deontology

I intend to deceive others in order to achieve my political ends.

Machiavelli

For example, “you suck.”

Ad Hominem

For example, “Look a red herring.”

Red Herring

For example, “why do you keep stealing cookies?”

Begging the Question

For example, “ Leibniz worked with logic. I wok with logic. Therefore, I am Leibniz.”

Non- Sequiter

For example, “You said, “arsenic is good for you because it is natural”, which is a fallacy, therefore all that you said is wrong.

Argument from Fallacy