How do analogies and word choice help a reader better understand what the author is trying to say?

Alphabet Soup Use your knowledge of the text to fill in an idea for each letter on the chart. Example: What important character in the text has a name that starts with ‘M’? Example: What important event discussed in the text starts with ‘C’? Fill in the rest of the chart with your group using important characters, events, and ideas from the text.

Analogies test your ability to: Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships An analogy is… a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification.

Analogies look like this: Up : Down :: Over : Under Up is to Down as Over is to Under

In what ways could these pairs of words be related? The relationship will always have to do with the meaning of the words I get it…they are opposites!

Examples of possible relationships in an analogy: Synonyms or antonyms A part to the whole A member to the category that contains it Cause to effect (or effect to cause) Varying degrees of a quantity or quality Object to function

Here is one example of Synonym relationships: Infant : Baby::Grown-Up: _________? Infant:Baby::Grown-Up:Adult Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE

Here is one example of Antonym relationships: Big : Small :: Full : _______? Big:Small::Full:Empty Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE

Here is one example of Part to Whole relationships: Wheel : Car :: Branch: _______? Wheel:Car::Branch:Tree Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE

Here is one example of Member to Category relationships: Apple : Fruit :: Carrot: _______? Apple:Fruit::Carrot:Vegetable Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE

Here is one example of Cause Effect relationships: Sliver : Pain :: Heat : __________ Sliver:Pain::Heat:Boil Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE

Here is one example Matters of Degree relationships: Warm : Hot :: Cool : ______? Warm:Hot::Cool:Frigid Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE

Here is one example of Object to Function relationships: Truck : Transport :: Oven : ______? Truck : Transport :: Oven : bake Grown-Up -ADULT Full - EMPTY Branch - TREE Carrot -VEGTABLE Heat - BOIL Cool -FRIGID Oven - BAKE

From President John F. Kennedy’s Civil Rights Address http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rS4Qw4lIckg From President John F. Kennedy’s Civil Rights Address Why did Carolyn include an excerpt from this speech in the text? How does this speech make you feel? Why?

Summary How do the claims made by Mrs. McKinstry regarding Governor Wallace hold up against the facts presented in the research we did on Friday?

How do analogies and word choice help a reader better understand what the author is trying to say?

Chapter 13: The Battle Continues How does this picture relate to the title of chapter 13? Be descriptive. Can you identify any symbols or relations when comparing the book and this picture?

Where Do we go from here? Follow along on pages 164-166. Choose three main ideas from the speech. Identify each idea on the back of the Cornell notes sheet. Next to each idea, draw a picture that represents it. You should have three main ideas and three related images from Dr. King’s speech.

Summary Ch. 13: I had lost hope in my white fellow human beings. Create an analogy that represents this idea from the Chapter. ____________ : ____________ :: ____________ : ____________

What techniques can I use to comprehend what I read?

Give Me 5

Complete three activities on the TIC TAC TOE handout. Chapter 14 Read Chapter 14 in pairs. Complete three activities on the TIC TAC TOE handout. The activities chosen must line up to give you Tic Tac Toe May work on the back or on another piece of paper Individual assignment

Summary Choose one image from the text. Explain why you think Carolyn included this image. Explain how it affects your understanding of the text so far.

How does word choice affect my writing and my reader’s understanding?

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-case-against-good-and-bad Good Bad Make a list of adjectives to replace the word “good” and the word “bad”. Good Bad

Denotation The literal meaning of a word EX: Jasmine is a very careful person. Careful (adj) : cautious in one’s actions

Connotation The positive, negative, or neutral associations of a word. EX: Jasmine is a careful person. Careful: attentive, alert (+) Careful: unadventurous, boring (-)

Denotation & Connotation Word Denotation Connotation Talk To speak Neutral: just having a conversation Chat To speak in a familiar or informal manner Positive: you chat with ease and friendship Gossip To speak about the affairs of others Negative: you gossip about rumors and people’s personal matters Would you rather have a conversation with someone who was talking, chatting, or gossiping?

Denotation & Connotation Denotation is important because you need to understand the literal definition of a word. Connotation is important because you need to understand what the author is implying or what he or she means and is trying to say with the words he or she is using.

Denotation & Connotation The aardwolf is a member of the hyena family, though it is really more of a runt. It also has weaker jaws and teeth than the hyena. Runt: Denotation – Connotation – Replacement – Weaker:

Shades of Meaning 24 adjectives 12 pairs Work with your group to identify each pair. Then, place the words in each pair in the correct column: + or – connotation. Think about which adjective describes someone you want to meet. The team with the most correct wins!!

Adjectives: obsessive reserved mushy curious bold timid cheap hyperactive sentimental strong-willed withdrawn brash scrawny frugal stylish smug cowardly stubborn nosey energetic thin self-confident faddish fervent