Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIH) 妊娠高血压综合征
pathogenesis The factors of PIH the theories of pathogenesis A utero-placental ischemia theory B Neuro-endocrine theory C immunological theory(ABO;HLA) D DIC theory E others : endothelin(ET--内皮素) calcium shorting
Pathophysiologic changes Widespread arteriolar spasm three main symptoms: hypertension proteinuria edema
Pathologic changes in main organs ① Brain : localized and spot hemorrhage (局灶性,点状出血) thrombosis (栓塞) softening (软化) heart : fibrin thrombi (纤维栓塞) focal necrosis (灶性坏死)
Pathologic changes in main organs ② Liver : periportal hemorrhagic necrosis (门脉周围出血坏死) kidneys : placenta : atherosclerosis IUGR--intrauterine growth retardation (宫内发育迟缓)
Classification of PIH syndrome
unclassification Edema : edema spreading to the thighs or above proteinueia : (+) or more chronic hypertension
Clinical findings Mild PIH syndrome moderate PIH syndrome severe PIH syndrome prepartal eclampsia (产前子痫) partal eclampsia ( 产时子痫) postpartal eclampsia (产后子痫)
diagnosis History hypertension proteinuria sign edema symptom convulsion , coma blood examination assistant liver and renal functions examination funduscopy of eyes others
Differential diagnosis Essential hypertension and chronic nephritis convulsive disorders
Influence on mother and fetus HELLP syndrome hemolysis( 溶血) elevated liver enzymes(肝酶升高) low platelet count(血小板减少) On fetus :
Prevention The prenatal care in time adequate nutrition and rest the predetective diagnosis : mean arterial blood pressure roll over test blood variation calcium amount in urine
Management Mild cases A rest B diet C medication : phnobarbital (苯巴比妥) diazepam(安定)
Moderate and severe cases A antiseptic medicine magnesium sulfate(硫酸镁) B sedative drugs hibernation mixture I(冬眠1号) diazepam C antihypertensive drugs D expansive volume treatment albumin (白蛋白) plasma (血浆) whole blood(全血)
Moderate and severe cases E Diuretics: furosemide (速尿) 20% mannitol (甘露醇) F Termination of pregnancy a indications : b methods : induction of labor (引产) cesarean section(剖宫产) G The management of eclampsia a controlling convulsion b nursing c closely monitoring
病 例 张平,女,36岁,以“停经九个月,胎动五个月,双下肢浮肿两周,头晕眼花一小时。”为主诉入院。早孕反应及胎动如期出现,两周前无明显诱因双下肢浮肿,休息后无好转。一小时前出现头晕眼花。既往无高血压,慢性肾炎病史。 查体:T36.7℃,P78次/分,BP175/110mmHg, 心肺听诊无异常,腹膨隆,足月腹型,LOA,浮肿+++。 实验室检查:血常规示PL258G/L,HGB108g / L,HCT0.45。尿常规示蛋白+++。 辅助检查:B超示BPD9.0cm,FL7.2cm,胎盘钙化Ⅱ级。NST有反应型。