Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims.

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Presentation transcript:

Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Nine Total Eight plus a Children’s Crusade

Causes Contributing Immediate

Contributing Factors Feudalism Chivalry Religious Idealism Weakening of Byzantine Empire

Immediate Causes Conquests by Seljuk Turks Byzantine Emperor’s call for help Pope’s ambition to reunite Christendom Pope’s appeal to Christian knights Knight’s religious zeal and earthly ambitions Italian cities desire for commercial power

Urban II gbgm-umc.org/umw/bible/images/urban.jpg Pope, upon learning of Byzantine Emperor’s distress calls Western Christians to arms

First Crusade

Facts of 1 st Crusade Begin 1096 through 1099 Two parts: –People’s Crusade – almost all Christians killed –Knights army – capture Jerusalem on July 15, 1099 Thousands of Muslims and Jews slaughtered in Jerusalem and on way to Jerusalem The Turks will eventually reclaim Jerusalem

Second Crusade

2 nd Crusade Facts Crusaders, led by King Louis VII of France and German king Conrad II, once again attempt to claim Jerusalem but failed

Third Crusade Also called the Kings’ Crusades

Three Crusader Kings

King Richard “the Lionhearted” English Only king to finish crusade

King Phillip II home.austarnet.com.au/dfgoonan/Phil2Aug.jpg French Had quarrel with Richard and went home to seize French lands from the English

Frederick Barbarossa upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/Barbarossa.jpg Holy Roman Emperor Falls from his horse and drowns

Saladin members.at.infoseek.co.jp/isariya/saladin.jpg Son of Nur ad_din United Muslims of Egypt and Syria Defeats Crusaders Considered chivalrous by Richard Richard and Saladin sign Three-year truce –Christians could enter Jerusalem freely

Fourth Crusade

Innocent III Led 4 th Crusade Crusaders will attack and loot Christian cities of Zadar and Constantinople

Children’s Crusade 20,000 German set out for Jerusalem – Many died of hunger crossing Alps – Some went home – other were sold into slavery

Other Crusades Mostly aimed at Islamic cities in Northern Africa and Egypt

Effects of Crusades Immediate Long Term

Immediate Effects Temporary land gains in Palestine Sack of Constantinople Temporary gain in papal prestige

Long-Term Effects Decline of papal prestige Decline of feudal power Increase in monarchs’ power Increased religious intolerance Expansion of trade by Italian cities

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