ANTIBIOTICS Dr.Tawfeq A. Al-Howiriny Associate Professor

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ANTIBIOTICS Dr.Tawfeq A. Al-Howiriny Associate Professor

History of Antibiotics ► Natural – Semisyn. – Syn. – Antibiotic like Comds ► 6000 Years ago, Ancient Chinese used fermented soybeans to treat skin infections ► Nubians have used maize to treat infections

History cont. ► The m. o. in the fermented corn produced antibiotics specially tetracyclines ► TCs deposited in calcified tissues ► Calcified tissues Blue fluorescent ► This can be considered a folk medicine type of antibiotic therapy

History cont. ► In 1928, Alexander Fleming was studying S. aureus in agar plates. He noticed a zone of inhibition surrounding a penicillium contaminant in one of his cultures. ► The fungus must have been producing antibacterial substance ► The biggest discovery was that : M. O. ABs M. O. ABs

History cont. ► 40 ’ s - 70 ’ s : Natural antibiotics - Pen G - Pen G - Cephalosporin C - Cephalosporin C - Streptomycin - Streptomycin - Erythromycin - Erythromycin - Tetracycline - Tetracycline - Chloramphenicol - Chloramphenicol

History cont. ► 70 ’ s - 80 ’ s Semisyn. : - Amoxicillin - Amoxicillin - Doxycycline - Doxycycline  80 ’ s – 90 ’ s Syn : - Aztreonam - Aztreonam  Antibiotic like compds : Highly potent, very low MIC Highly potent, very low MIC Fluoroquinolones Fluoroquinolones

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